Inkinga yokubuyiselwa kwamafutha kuma-compressor okuqandisa ibilokhu iyindaba eshisayo ezinhlelweni zokuqandisa. Namuhla, ngizokhuluma ngenkinga yokubuyiselwa kwamafutha kuma-compressor okuqondisa. Ngokuvamile, isizathu sokubuyiselwa kwamafutha kabi kwe-compressor yesikulufo kungenxa yokuxubana kwegesi kwamafutha okugcobisa kanye nesiqandisi ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kohlelo lokuqandisa, i-refrigerant kanye namafutha okugcobisa esiqandisini kuyancibilika, okwenza ukuthi uwoyela wokugcobisa ukhishwe kwi-condenser ngesimo se-aerosol kanye negesi yamaconsi lapho umshini kanye nesiqandisi usebenza. Uma isihlukanisi samafutha singasebenzi kahle noma ukwakheka kohlelo kungasebenzi kahle, kuzobangela umphumela omubi wokuhlukaniswa kanye nokubuyiselwa kabi kwamafutha esistimu.
1. Yiziphi izinkinga ezizovela ngenxa yokubuya kabi kukawoyela:
Ukubuya kabi kwamafutha kwe-screw compressor kuzobangela ukuthi inani elikhulu lamafutha okugcoba lihlale epayipini le-evaporator. Lapho ifilimu kawoyela ikhula ngezinga elithile, kuzothinta ngqo ukupholisa kwesistimu; Kuzoholela ekuqongeleleni kwamafutha okugcoba amaningi ohlelweni, okuholela embuthanweni omubi, okwandisa izindleko zokusebenza kanye nokunciphisa ukuthembeka kokusebenza. Ngokuvamile, ngaphansi kuka-1% wokugeleza kwegesi yesiqandisi kuvunyelwe ukujikeleza ohlelweni ngengxube kawoyela nomoya.
2. Izixazululo zokubuyiselwa kabi kukawoyela:
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokubuyisela uwoyela ku-compressor, enye iwukubuyisela uwoyela ku-oyela ohlukanisayo, kanti enye iwukubuyisela uwoyela epayipini lokubuyisela umoya.
Isihlukanisi samafutha sifakwe epayipini lokukhipha umoya le-compressor, elingahlukanisa ngokuvamile u-50-95% wamafutha asebenzayo. Umphumela wokubuya kwamafutha muhle futhi isivinini siyashesha, okunciphisa kakhulu inani lamafutha angena epayipini lesistimu, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ukusebenza ngempumelelo ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokubuyiselwa kwamafutha.
Ezinhlelweni zokugcina iziqandisi ezibandayo ezinemipayipi emide ikakhulukazi, izinhlelo zokwenza iqhwa eligcwele amanzi, kanye nemishini yokomisa eqandisini enamazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu, akuvamile ukubona ukubuya kukawoyela noma ukubuya kukawoyela okuncane kakhulu imizuzu eyishumi noma ngisho namashumi ngemva kokuqala umshini. Uhlelo olubi luzobangela ukuthi i-compressor ivale ngenxa yokucindezela kukawoyela okuphansi. Ukufakwa kwesihlukanisi sikawoyela esisebenza kahle kakhulu kulolu hlelo lokuqandisa kungandisa kakhulu isikhathi sokusebenza kwe-compressor ngaphandle kokubuya kukawoyela, ukuze i-compressor idlule ngokuphephile esigabeni esibucayi sokungabikho kokubuya kukawoyela ngemva kokuqala. Uwoyela wokugcoba ongahlukaniswanga uzongena ohlelweni futhi ugeleze ne-refrigerant epayipini ukuze kwakheke ukujikeleza kukawoyela.
Ngemva kokuba uwoyela wokugcoba ungene ku-evaporator, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yokushisa okuphansi kanye nokuncibilika okuphansi, ingxenye yamafutha okugcoba ihlukaniswa nesiqandisi; ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinga lokushisa liphansi futhi i-viscosity inkulu, uwoyela wokugcoba ohlukanisiwe kulula ukunamathela odongeni lwangaphakathi lwepayipi, futhi kunzima ukugeleza. Uma izinga lokushisa lokuhwamuka liphansi, kuba nzima kakhulu ukubuyisela uwoyela. Lokhu kudinga ukuthi ukwakheka nokwakhiwa kwepayipi lokuhwamuka kanye nepayipi lokubuyisa kumele kube nomthelela ekubuyeni kwamafutha. Umkhuba ovamile ukusebenzisa umklamo wepayipi elihlayo nokuqinisekisa isivinini esikhulu sokugeleza komoya. Ezinhlelweni zokuqandisa ezinezinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu, ngaphezu kokukhethwa kwezihlukanisi zamafutha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, izinyibilikisi ezikhethekile zivame ukungezwa ukuvimbela uwoyela wokugcoba ekuvimbeleni amashubhu e-capillary nama-valve okwandisa, nokusiza ukubuya kwamafutha.
Ezisetshenzisweni ezisebenzayo, izinkinga zokubuyisa uwoyela ezibangelwa ukwakheka okungafanele kwepayipi le-evaporator kanye nepayipi legesi lokubuyisa azivamile. Ezinhlelweni ze-R22 kanye ne-R404A, ukubuyiselwa uwoyela kwepayipi le-evaporator eligcwele amanzi kunzima kakhulu, futhi ukwakheka kwepayipi lepayipi lokubuyisa uwoyela lesistimu kumele kuqaphe kakhulu. Kuhlelo olunjalo, ukusetshenziswa kokwehlukaniswa kwamafutha okusebenza kahle kakhulu kunganciphisa kakhulu inani lamafutha angena epayipini lesistimu, kwandise ngempumelelo isikhathi lapho ipayipi lokubuyisa igesi lingabuyisi uwoyela ngemva kokuqala umshini.
Uma i-compressor iphakeme kune-evaporator, ukugoba kokubuya kwamafutha epayipini lokubuyisela eliqondile kuyadingeka. Isicupho sokubuyisela amafutha kufanele sibe ncane ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuncishiswe ukugcinwa kwamafutha. Isikhala phakathi kokugoba kokubuya kwamafutha kufanele sibe esifanele. Uma inani lokugoba kokubuya kwamafutha likhulu, kufanele kwengezwe uwoyela wokugcoba. Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe emigqeni yokubuyisela yezinhlelo zomthwalo oguquguqukayo. Uma umthwalo wehlisiwe, isivinini sokubuyisa umoya sizoncipha, futhi isivinini siphansi kakhulu, okungavumeli ukubuya kwamafutha. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukubuya kwamafutha ngaphansi komthwalo ophansi, ipayipi lokudonsa eliqondile lingasebenzisa i-double riser.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqala kabusha njalo kwe-compressor akuhambisani nokubuyiselwa kwamafutha. Ngenxa yokuthi isikhathi sokusebenza esiqhubekayo sifushane kakhulu, i-compressor iyama, futhi asikho isikhathi sokwenza ukuhamba komoya okuzinzile ngesivinini esiphezulu epayipini lokubuyisa, ngakho-ke uwoyela wokugcoba ungahlala kuphela epayipini. Uma uwoyela wokubuyisa ungaphansi kwamafutha okugijima, i-compressor izoshoda ngamafutha. Uma isikhathi sokusebenza sifushane, ipayipi lide, uhlelo luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kulapho inkinga yokubuyiselwa kwamafutha ibonakala khona. Ngakho-ke, ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ungayiqali njalo i-compressor.
Ukuntuleka kwamafutha kuzobangela ukuntuleka okukhulu kokuthambisa. Imbangela eyinhloko yokuntuleka kwamafutha akukhona ukuthi i-screw compressor isebenza kangakanani nokuthi ishesha kangakanani, kodwa ukubuya kabi kwamafutha ohlelweni. Ukufaka isihlukanisi samafutha kungabuyisa ngokushesha uwoyela futhi kwandise isikhathi sokusebenza kwe-compressor ngaphandle kokubuya kwamafutha. Ukwakheka kwe-evaporator kanye nomugqa wokubuyisela kumele kucabangele ukubuya kwamafutha. Izinyathelo zokulungisa ezifana nokugwema ukuqala njalo, ukuncibilikisa njalo, ukugcwalisa kabusha i-refrigerant ngesikhathi, kanye nokushintsha izingxenye ezigugile (njenge-bearings) ngesikhathi nakho kusiza ukubuya kwamafutha.
Lapho kuklanywa uhlelo lokuqandisa, ucwaningo ngenkinga yokubuyiselwa kwamafutha lubalulekile. Kuphela ngokucabangela zonke izici, lapho uhlelo lokuqandisa oluphephile noluthembekile lungaqinisekiswa khona.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-21-2022
