Ukufuduka kwe-liquid refrigerant
Ukufuduka kwe-refrigerant kubhekisela ekuqongeleleni kwe-refrigerant ewuketshezi ku-crankcase ye-compressor lapho i-compressor ivaliwe. Uma nje izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwe-compressor liphansi kunezinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwe-evaporator, umehluko wokucindezela phakathi kwe-compressor ne-evaporator uzoqhuba i-refrigerant endaweni ebandayo. Lesi simo kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi senzeke phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika ezibandayo. Kodwa-ke, kumadivayisi omoya opholile kanye ne-heat pump, lapho iyunithi yokuncibilikisa ikude ne-compressor, noma ngabe izinga lokushisa liphezulu, isimo sokufuduka singase senzeke.
Uma uhlelo luvaliwe, uma lungavulwa zingakapheli amahora ambalwa, noma ngabe akukho mehluko wokucindezela, isenzakalo sokufuduka singase senzeke ngenxa yokukhanga kukawoyela oqandisiwe ku-crankcase ku-refrigerant.
Uma i-refrigerant ewuketshezi eningi ingena e-crankcase ye-compressor, kuzokwenzeka ukushaqeka okukhulu koketshezi lapho i-compressor iqala, okuholela ekuhlulekeni okuhlukahlukene kwe-compressor, njengokuqhekeka kwe-valve disc, ukulimala kwe-piston, ukwehluleka kwama-bearing kanye nokuguguleka kwama-bearing (i-refrigerant igeza uwoyela obandayo kude ne-bearing).
Ukuchichima koketshezi oluqandisiwe
Uma i-valve yokwandisa ihluleka ukusebenza, noma ifeni ye-evaporator yehluleka noma ivinjiwe yisihlungi somoya, i-liquid refrigerant izogcwala ku-evaporator bese ingena ku-compressor njengoketshezi kunokuba ishaye ngepayipi lokufutha. Lapho iyunithi isebenza, ukugcwala koketshezi kunciphisa uwoyela oqandisiwe, okuholela ekugugeni kwezingxenye ezihambayo ze-compressor, futhi ukwehla komfutho kawoyela kuholela esenzweni sedivayisi yokuphepha komfutho kawoyela, okwenza i-crankcase ilahlekelwe uwoyela. Kulokhu, uma umshini uvaliwe, isenzakalo sokufuduka kwe-refrigerant sizokwenzeka ngokushesha, okuholela ekushaqekeni koketshezi lapho uqaliswa futhi.
Isando soketshezi
Uma kwenzeka uketshezi olushayayo, umsindo wensimbi ophuma ku-compressor ungezwakala, futhi i-compressor ingahambisana nokudlidliza okunamandla. I-Hydraulic percussion ingabangela ukuqhekeka kwe-valve, umonakalo we-compressor head gasket, ukuqhekeka kwenduku yokuxhuma, ukuqhekeka kwe-shaft kanye nezinye izinhlobo zomonakalo we-compressor. Lapho i-liquid refrigerant ingena ku-crankcase, ukushaqeka koketshezi kuzokwenzeka lapho i-crankcase ivuliwe. Kwamanye amayunithi, ngenxa yesakhiwo sepayipi noma indawo yezingxenye, i-liquid refrigerant izoqongelela epayipini lokumunca noma evaporator ngesikhathi sokungasebenzi kweyunithi, futhi izongena ku-compressor ngesimo soketshezi oluhlanzekile ngesivinini esikhulu kakhulu lapho ivuliwe. Ijubane kanye ne-inertia ye-hydraulic stroke kwanele ukubhubhisa ukuvikelwa kwanoma iyiphi idivayisi ye-compressor anti-hydraulic stroke eyakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Isenzo sedivayisi yokulawula ukuphepha kokucindezela uwoyela
Eyunithi e-cryogenic, ngemva kwesikhathi sokususwa kweqhwa, ukugcwala kwe-refrigerant yoketshezi kuvame ukubangela ukuthi idivayisi yokulawula ukuphepha kokucindezela kukawoyela isebenze. Izinhlelo eziningi zenzelwe ukuvumela i-refrigerant ukuthi iqine ku-evaporator kanye ne-suction tube ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa, bese igeleza ingene ku-compressor crankcase ekuqaleni okubangela ukuthi ingcindezi kawoyela yehle, okubangela ukuthi idivayisi yokuphepha kokucindezela kukawoyela isebenze.
Ngezinye izikhathi kanye noma kabili isenzo sedivayisi yokulawula ukuphepha kwengcindezi kawoyela ngeke sibe nomthelela omkhulu ku-compressor, kodwa izikhathi eziphindaphindwayo lapho kungekho zimo ezinhle zokugcoba zizoholela ekwehlulekeni kwe-compressor. Idivayisi yokulawula ukuphepha kwengcindezi kawoyela ivame ukubhekwa ngumsebenzisi njengephutha elincane, kodwa kuyisixwayiso sokuthi i-compressor ibilokhu isebenza isikhathi esingaphezu kwemizuzu emibili ngaphandle kokugcoba, futhi izinyathelo zokulungisa zidinga ukuqaliswa ngesikhathi esifanele.
Izixazululo ezinconyiwe
Uma uhlelo lokuqandisa lushajwa kakhulu, amathuba okuthi luhluleke ayanda. Kuphela uma i-compressor nezinye izingxenye ezinkulu zesistimu zixhunywe ndawonye ukuze kuhlolwe uhlelo lapho kungatholakala khona ishaja yesiqandisi esiphezulu nesiphephile. Abakhiqizi be-compressor bayakwazi ukunquma inani eliphezulu lesiqandisi esiwuketshezi okufanele sishajwe ngaphandle kokulimaza izingxenye ezisebenzayo ze-compressor, kodwa abakwazi ukunquma ukuthi ingakanani ishaja yesiqandisi esiphelele ohlelweni lokuqandisa empeleni eku-compressor ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Inani eliphezulu lesiqandisi esiwuketshezi i-compressor engasimelana naso lincike ekwakhiweni kwaso, ivolumu yokuqukethwe kanye nenani likawoyela wesiqandisi oshajwe. Lapho kwenzeka ukufuduka koketshezi, ukugcwala noma ukungqongqoza, isinyathelo sokulungisa esidingekayo kumele sithathwe, uhlobo lwesinyathelo sokulungisa luncike ekwakhiweni kwesistimu kanye nohlobo lokwehluleka.
Nciphisa inani le-refrigerant ekhokhiswayo
Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela i-compressor ekuhlulekeni okubangelwa yiziqandisi eziwuketshezi ukukhawulela ishaja yesiqandisi ebangeni elivunyelwe yi-compressor. Uma lokhu kungenzeki, inani lokugcwalisa kufanele lincishiswe ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngaphansi kwesimo sokuhlangabezana nesilinganiso sokugeleza, i-condenser, i-evaporator kanye nepayipi lokuxhuma kufanele kusetshenziswe okuncane ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi i-reservoir yoketshezi kufanele ikhethwe encane ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukunciphisa inani lokugcwalisa kudinga ukusebenza okufanele ukuze kuqashelwe ingilazi yamehlo ngamabhamuza abangelwa ububanzi obuncane bepayipi loketshezi kanye nokucindezela kwekhanda eliphansi, okungaholela ekugcwaliseni ngokweqile okukhulu.
Umjikelezo wokuphuma
Indlela esebenzayo nethembekile yokulawula i-liquid refrigerant umjikelezo wokuphuma. Ikakhulukazi uma inani leshaja yesistimu likhulu, ngokuvala i-solenoid valve yepayipi eliwuketshezi, i-refrigerant ingapompelwa ku-condenser kanye ne-liquid reservoir, bese i-compressor isebenza ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwedivayisi yokulawula ukuphepha ephansi, ngakho-ke i-refrigerant ihlukaniswa ne-compressor lapho i-compressor ingasebenzi, kugwenywe ukufuduka kwe-refrigerant iye ku-compressor crankcase. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa umjikelezo wokuphuma oqhubekayo ngesikhathi sesigaba sokuvala ukuvimbela ukuvuza kwe-solenoid valve. Uma kungumjikelezo owodwa wokuphuma, noma obizwa ngokuthi imodi yokulawula engajikelezi, kuzoba nomonakalo omkhulu kakhulu wokuvuza kwe-refrigerant ku-compressor uma ivaliwe isikhathi eside. Nakuba umjikelezo wokuphuma oqhubekayo uyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukufuduka, awuvikeli i-compressor emiphumeleni emibi yokugcwala kwe-refrigerant.
Isifudumezi se-crankcase
Kwezinye izinhlelo, izindawo zokusebenza, izindleko, noma izintandokazi zamakhasimende ezingenza imijikelezo yokuphuma ingenzeki, ama-heater e-crankcase angabambezela ukufuduka.
Umsebenzi we-crankcase heater ukugcina izinga lokushisa likawoyela obandayo ku-crankcase lingaphezu kwezinga lokushisa lengxenye ephansi kakhulu yesistimu. Kodwa-ke, amandla okushisa e-crankcase heater kumele alinganiselwe ukuze kuvinjelwe ukushisa ngokweqile kanye nokuqandisa i-carbon kawoyela. Uma izinga lokushisa elizungezile liseduze no -18° C, noma lapho ithubhu lokumunca livezwa, indima yesifudumezi se-crankcase izoncishiswa kancane, futhi isenzakalo sokufuduka singase senzeke.
Ama-heater e-crankcase ngokuvamile afudunyezwa njalo uma esetshenziswa, ngoba uma i-refrigerant ingena ku-crankcase futhi iqina ku-oyili obandayo, kungathatha amahora amaningana ukuyibuyisela ku-suction tube futhi. Uma isimo singesibi kakhulu, i-crankcase heater isebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukufuduka, kodwa i-crankcase heater ayikwazi ukuvikela i-compressor emonakalweni obangelwa ukugeleza koketshezi.
Isihlukanisi segesi noketshezi lweshubhu lokumunca
Kumasistimu avame ukugcwala ngokweqile koketshezi, kufanele kufakwe isihlukanisi segesi noketshezi emgqeni wokumunca ukuze kugcinwe okwesikhashana isiqandisi soketshezi esichithekile ohlelweni bese kubuyiselwa isiqandisi soketshezi ku-compressor ngesivinini esingamelana naso i-compressor.
Ukugcwala kwe-refrigerant kungenzeka kakhulu uma iphampu yokushisa ishintshwa isuka esimweni sokupholisa iye esimweni sokushisa, futhi ngokuvamile, i-separator ye-gas-liquid tube yokumunca iyithuluzi elidingekayo kuwo wonke amaphampu okushisa.
Izinhlelo ezisebenzisa igesi eshisayo ukuncibilikisa nazo zivame ukugcwala uketshezi ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwesincibilikisi. Amadivayisi aphansi okushisa njenge-liquid freezer kanye nama-compressor ezimweni zokubonisa izinga lokushisa eliphansi angabangela ukugcwala ngezinye izikhathi ngenxa yokulawulwa okungafanele kwesiqandisi. Kumadivayisi ezimoto, lapho ebhekene nesigaba eside sokuvaleka, avame ukugcwala kakhulu lapho eqala kabusha.
Ku-compressor enezigaba ezimbili, ukumunca kubuyiselwa ngqo kusilinda engezansi futhi akudluli ekamelweni lemoto, futhi kufanele kusetshenziswe isehlukanisi segesi noketshezi ukuvikela i-compressor valve ekulimaleni kokushaywa koketshezi.
Ngenxa yokuthi izidingo zokushaja ezijwayelekile zezinhlelo ezahlukene zokuqandisa zihlukile, futhi izindlela zokulawula iziqandisi zihlukile, ukuthi ngabe kudingeka isihlukanisi segesi noketshezi nokuthi kudingeka usayizi ongakanani wesihlukanisi segesi noketshezi kuncike ezidingweni zesistimu ethile ngezinga elikhulu. Uma inani lokugeleza koketshezi emuva lingahlolwanga ngokunembile, indlela yokuklama elondolozayo iwukunquma umthamo wesihlukanisi segesi noketshezi ku-50% wesamba senkokhelo yesistimu.
Isihlukanisi samafutha
Isihlukanisi samafutha asikwazi ukuxazulula iphutha lokubuyisa uwoyela elibangelwa ukwakheka kwesistimu, futhi asikwazi ukuxazulula iphutha lokulawula isiqandisi soketshezi. Kodwa-ke, lapho ukwehluleka kokulawula uhlelo kungenakuxazululwa ngezinye izindlela, isihlukanisi samafutha sisiza ukunciphisa inani lamafutha ajikeleza ohlelweni, okungasiza uhlelo ngesikhathi esibucayi kuze kube yilapho ukulawulwa kwesistimu kubuyiselwa esimweni esijwayelekile. Isibonelo, kuyunithi yokushisa ephansi kakhulu noma ku-evaporator egcwele uketshezi, uwoyela wokubuyisa ungathinteka ngokuncibilikisa, lapho-ke isihlukanisi samafutha singasiza ekugcineni inani lamafutha abandayo ku-compressor ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa uhlelo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-07-2023
