1. Ukushisela: kubhekisela endleleni yokucubungula efinyelela ukubopha kwe-athomu kokushisela ngokushisa noma ukucindezela, noma kokubili, ngezinto zokugcwalisa noma ezingenazo.
2. Umthungo wokushisela: ubhekisela engxenyeni ehlangene eyakhiwe ngemva kokuba ukushisela kushiselwe.
3. I-Butt joint: i-joint lapho ubuso bokugcina bezinto ezimbili zokushisela buhambisana khona.
4. Umsele: Ngokwezidingo zomklamo noma zenqubo, umsele onesimo esithile sejometri uyacutshungulwa engxenyeni ezoshintshwa yomsele.
5. Ukuphakama kokuqinisa: Ku-weld yesinqe, ukuphakama kwengxenye yensimbi yokushisela edlula umugqa ongaphezu kobuso bozwane lokushisela.
6. Ukwakheka kwekristalu: Ukwakheka kwekristalu kubhekisela enkambisweni yokwakheka nokukhula kwe-nucleus yekristalu.
7. Ukwakheka kwekristalu okuyinhloko: Ngemva kokuphuma komthombo wokushisa, insimbi echibini lokushisela iyashintsha kusuka koketshezi iye kokuqinile, okubizwa ngokuthi ukwakheka kwekristalu okuyinhloko kwechibi lokushisela.
8. Ukwakheka kwekristalu yesibili: Uchungechunge lwezinqubo zokuguquka kwesigaba ezidlula kuzo izinsimbi ezishisa kakhulu lapho zipholiswa zifinyelele ekushiseni kwegumbi ukwakheka kwekristalu yesibili.
9. Ukwelashwa kokudlula: Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engagqwali, kwakheka ifilimu ye-oxide ngokwenziwa phezu komhlaba.
10. Ukususwa koketshezi olusakazwayo: Lapho izinga lokushisa lehla, i-iron oxide eyancibilika ekuqaleni echibini elincibilikisiwe iyaqhubeka nokusabalala iye ku-slag, ngaleyo ndlela inciphise okuqukethwe komoya-mpilo ku-weld. Le ndlela yokususwa koketshezi ibizwa ngokuthi i-diffusion deoxidation.
11. Ukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki: Uma amandla angaphandle esuswa, ukuguqulwa okungenakukwazi ukubuyela esimweni sokuqala kungukuguqulwa kwepulasitiki.
12. Ukuguquguquka kwe-Elastic: Uma amandla angaphandle esuswa, ukuguqulwa okungabuyisela isimo sokuqala ukuguqulwa kwe-elastic.
13. Isakhiwo esihlanganisiwe: isakhiwo sensimbi esenziwe ngokuhlanganisa.
14. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwemishini: indlela yokuhlola ebhubhisayo yokuqonda ukuthi izakhiwo zemishini zensimbi ehlanganisiwe kanye namajoyinti ahlanganisiwe ziyahlangabezana yini nezidingo zomklamo.
15. Ukuhlolwa okungabhubhisi: kubhekisela endleleni yokuhlola amaphutha angaphakathi kwezinto zokwakha kanye nemikhiqizo eqediwe ngaphandle kokulimala noma ukubhujiswa.
16. Ukushisela i-arc: kubhekisela endleleni yokushisela esebenzisa i-arc njengomthombo wokushisa.
17. Ukushisela i-arc ecwiliswe emanzini: kubhekisela endleleni i-arc esha ngayo ngaphansi kwesendlalelo se-flux sokushisela.
18. Ukushisela i-arc evikelwe yigesi: kubhekisela endleleni yokushisela esebenzisa igesi yangaphandle njengendawo ye-arc futhi ivikele i-arc nendawo yokushisela.
19. Ukushisela okuvikelwe yigesi ye-carbon dioxide: indlela yokushisela esebenzisa i-carbon dioxide njengegesi yokuvikela, okubizwa ngokuthi ukushisela kwe-carbon dioxide noma ukushisela kwesibili okuvikelwe.
20. Ukushisela i-argon arc: ukushisela okuvikelwe ngegesi kusetshenziswa i-argon njengegesi yokuvikela.
21. Ukushisela i-argon arc yensimbi: ukushisela i-argon arc kusetshenziswa ama-electrode ancibilikayo.
22. Ukusika nge-plasma: Indlela yokusika kusetshenziswa i-plasma arc.
23. Ukugoqa i-arc yekhabhoni: indlela yokusebenzisa i-arc ekhiqizwe phakathi kwenduku ye-graphite noma induku yekhabhoni kanye nomsebenzi ukuze kuncibilikiswe insimbi bese kuyivuthela ngomoya ocindezelwe ukuze kufezwe indlela yokucubungula imifantu ebusweni bensimbi.
24. Ukuphuka okubhidlikile: Luhlobo lokuphuka okwenzeka ngokuzumayo ngaphandle kokuguqulwa kwepulasitiki okukhulu kwensimbi ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okungaphansi kakhulu kwephuzu lokukhiqiza.
25. Ukulungisa: ukushisa insimbi ngaphezu komugqa we-Ac3 osezingeni lokushisa elibalulekile, ukuyigcina ku-30-50°C isikhathi esijwayelekile, bese uyipholisa emoyeni. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ukulungisa.
26. Ukuhlanganisa: kubhekisela enkambisweni yokwelapha ukushisa yokushisa insimbi kuze kufike ezingeni lokushisa elifanele, ukuyibamba isikhathi eside bese uyipholisa kancane ukuze kutholakale isakhiwo esiseduze nesimo sokulingana.
27. Ukucima: Inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa lapho insimbi ishiswa khona ifike ezingeni lokushisa elingaphezu kwe-Ac3 noma i-Ac1, bese ipholiswa ngokushesha emanzini noma emafutheni ngemva kokulondolozwa kokushisa ukuze kutholakale isakhiwo sokuqina okuphezulu.
28. Ukufuthwa okuphelele: kubhekisela enqubweni yokushisa i-workpiece engaphezu kwe-Ac3 kuya ku-30°C-50°C isikhathi esithile, bese kuba ukupholisa kancane kancane kube ngaphansi kwama-50°C ngokushisa kwesithando somlilo, bese kuba ukupholisa emoyeni.
29. Izinto zokushisela: Izinto zokushisela ezisetshenziswa ukuqinisekisa usayizi wokushisela, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, nokuvimbela ukuguquguquka kokushisela.
30. Ukufakwa kwe-Slag: I-slag yokushisela esele ku-weld ngemva kokushisela.
31. I-slag yokushisela: i-slag eqinile emboza ubuso be-weld ngemva kokushisela.
32. Ukungena okungaphelele: Isenzakalo sokuthi impande yelunga ayingene ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokushisela.
33. Ukufakwa kwe-tungsten: Izinhlayiya ze-tungsten ezingena ku-weld zivela ku-electrode ye-tungsten ngesikhathi sokushisela okuvikelwe ngegesi ye-tungsten inert.
34. Ukumbozwa: Ngesikhathi sokushisela, amabhamuza echibini elincibilikisiwe ayahluleka ukuphuma lapho eqina futhi ahlale ekhona ukuze akhe imigodi. I-Stomata ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-stomata exinene, i-stomata efana nezimpethu kanye ne-stomata efana nenaliti.
35. Ukunqunywa okungaphansi: ngenxa yokukhethwa okungafanele kwamapharamitha okushisela noma izindlela zokusebenza ezingalungile, imifantu noma ukugoba okukhiqizwe eceleni kwensimbi eyisisekelo yozwane lokushisela.
36. Isimila sokushisela: Ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela, insimbi encibilikisiwe igeleza iye ensimbini eyisisekelo engancibilikisiwe ngaphandle kwensimbi ukuze yakhe isimila sensimbi.
37. Ukuhlola okungabhubhisi: Indlela yokuthola amaphutha ngaphandle kokulimaza ukusebenza kanye nobuqotho bezinto ezihloliwe noma umkhiqizo oqediwe.
38. Ukuhlolwa kokubhujiswa: indlela yokuhlola yokusika amasampula kusuka kuma-weldment noma izingcezu zokuhlola, noma ukwenza ukuhlolwa kokubhujiswa kuwo wonke umkhiqizo (noma ingxenye elingisiwe) ukuhlola izakhiwo zawo ezahlukene zemishini.
39. I-Manipulator yokushisela: Idivayisi ethumela futhi ibambe ikhanda lokushisela noma ithoshi lokushisela endaweni okufanele lishiselwe, noma ehambisa umshini wokushisela ngendlela enqunyiwe ngesivinini sokushisela esikhethiwe.
40. Ukususwa kwe-slag: indlela elula ngayo igobolondo le-slag eliwela ebusweni be-weld.
41. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-electrode: kubhekisela ekusebenzeni kwe-electrode ngesikhathi sokusebenza, okuhlanganisa ukuqina kwe-arc, ukuma kwe-weld, ukususwa kwe-slag kanye nosayizi we-sphatter, njll.
42. Ukuhlanza izimpande: Umsebenzi wokuhlanza impande yokushisela kusukela ngemuva kwe-weld ukulungiselela ukushisela ngemuva ubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlanza izimpande.
43. Indawo yokushisela: indawo yomthungo wokushisela ngesikhathi sokushisela okuhlanganisiwe, okungamelwa yi-angle yokuthambekela komthungo wokushisela kanye ne-angle yokuzungeza komthungo wokushisela, okuhlanganisa ukushisela okuyisicaba, ukushisela okuqondile, ukushisela okuvundlile kanye nokushisela okungaphezulu.
44. Ukuxhumeka okuhle: Ingxenye yokushisela ixhunywe ensikeni enhle yokunikezwa kwamandla, kanti i-electrode ixhunywe ensikeni embi yokunikezwa kwamandla.
45. Ukuxhumeka okuphambene: indlela yokuxhuma lapho ukushisela kuxhunywe khona epalini elingemihle lokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi, kanye ne-electrode exhunywe epalini elihle lokunikezwa kwamandla kagesi.
46. Ukuxhumeka kwe-DC okuhle: Uma usebenzisa ugesi we-DC, ingxenye yokushisela ixhunywe ensikeni enhle yomthombo wamandla, futhi induku yokushisela ixhunywe ensikeni embi yomthombo wamandla.
47. Ukuxhumeka kwe-DC okuphambene: Uma kusetshenziswa ugesi we-DC, ingxenye yokushisela ixhunywe ensikeni engemihle yomthombo wamandla, bese i-electrode (noma i-electrode) ixhunywe ensikeni engemihle yomthombo wamandla.
48. Ukuqina kwe-arc: kubhekisela ezingeni lapho i-arc iqonde khona eceleni kwe-electrode axis ngaphansi kwemiphumela yokuncipha kokushisa kanye nokuncipha kwamagnetic.
49. Izici ze-Arc static: Ngaphansi kwesimo sezinto ezithile ze-electrode, ubude begesi kanye ne-arc, lapho i-arc isha ngokungaguquki, ubudlelwano phakathi kokushintsha kwamandla kagesi kanye nokushintsha kwamandla kagesi ngokuvamile bubizwa ngokuthi uphawu lwe-volt-ampere.
50. Ichibi Elincibilikisiwe: Ingxenye yensimbi ewuketshezi enesimo esithile sejometri eyakheke ekushiseni ngaphansi kwesenzo somthombo wokushisa wokushisisa ngesikhathi sokushisisa okuhlanganisiwe.
51. Amapharamitha okushisela: Ngesikhathi sokushisela, kukhethwa amapharamitha ahlukahlukene ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokushisela (njengokushisela kwamanje, i-voltage ye-arc, isivinini sokushisela, amandla omugqa, njll.).
52. Ugesi wokushisela: ugesi ogeleza ngesekethe yokushisela ngesikhathi sokushisela.
53. Isivinini sokushisela: ubude bomthungo wokushisela buqediwe ngesikhathi ngasinye.
54. Ukuguquguquka kokusonta: kubhekisela ekuguqukeni kokuthi iziphetho ezimbili zengxenye zisontekile nge-engela ezungeze i-axis engathathi hlangothi ohlangothini oluphambene ngemva kokushisela.
55. Ukuguqulwa kwamagagasi: kubhekisela ekuguqulweni kwezingxenye ezifana namagagasi.
56. Ukuguquguquka kwe-Angular: Kungukuguquguquka okubangelwa ukungahambisani kokuncipha okuphambeneyo ohlangothini lobukhulu ngenxa yokungalingani kwengxenye ephambene ye-weld.
57. Ukuguquguquka kwe-lateral: Kuyisenzakalo sokuguquguquka kwe-weld ngenxa yokuncipha kwe-lateral yendawo yokushisa.
58. Ukuguquguquka kwe-longitudinal: kubhekisela ekuguqukeni kwe-weld ngenxa yokuncipha kwe-longitudinal yendawo yokushisa.
59. Ukuguquguquka kokugoba: kubhekisela ekuguqukeni okugoba ingxenye ngakolunye uhlangothi ngemva kokushisela.
60. Izinga lokuzibamba: libhekisela ku-quantitative index ukuze kulinganiswe ukuqina kwamalunga ahlanganisiwe.
61. Ukugqwala okuphakathi kwe-granular: kubhekisela esimweni sokugqwala esenzeka emingceleni yezinhlamvu zensimbi.
62. Ukwelashwa ngokushisa: inqubo yokushisa insimbi kuze kufike ezingeni lokushisa elithile, ukuyigcina kuleli zinga lokushisa isikhathi esithile, bese uyipholisa kuze kufike ezingeni lokushisa legumbi ngesilinganiso esithile sokupholisa.
63. I-Ferrite: Isixazululo esiqinile se-lattice ye-cubic egxile emzimbeni eyakhiwe ngensimbi ne-carbon.
64. Imifantu eshisayo: Ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela, umthungo wokushisela kanye nensimbi endaweni ethintekile ukushisa kuyapholiswa endaweni yokushisa okuphezulu eduze komugqa we-solidus ukuze kukhiqizwe imifantu yokushisela.
65. Ukushisa kabusha uqhekeko: kubhekisela kuqhekeko olukhiqizwa lapho indawo yokushisela kanye nendawo ethintekile ekushiseni ishiswa kabusha.
66. Uqhekeko lokushisela: Ngaphansi kwesenzo esihlangene sokucindezeleka kokushisela nezinye izinto ezibuthakathaka, amandla okubopha ama-athomu ensimbi endaweni yendawo yejoyinti elishisiwe ayabhujiswa ukuze kwakheke igebe elikhiqizwa yi-interface entsha, enegebe elibukhali kanye nezimpawu zesilinganiso esikhulu.
67. Imifantu yemigodi: imifantu eshisayo ekhiqizwa kuma-arc craters.
68. Ukudabuka okunezingqimba: Ngesikhathi sokushisela, kwakheka umfantu osesimweni sesitebhisi eceleni kwengqimba yokugoqa yepuleti lensimbi esitho esishisiwe.
69. Isixazululo esiqinile: Kuyinkimbinkimbi eqinile eyakhiwa ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwento eyodwa kwenye into.
70. Ilangabi lokushisela: ngokuvamile libhekisela elangeni elisetshenziswa ekushiseleni igesi, elihlanganisa nelangabi le-athomu le-hydrogen kanye nelangabi le-plasma. Emagesini avuthayo njenge-acetylene hydrogen kanye negesi kaphethiloli encibilikisiwe, i-acetylene ikhipha ukushisa okukhulu okusebenzayo uma ishiswa ku-oxygen emsulwa, kanti ilangabi Izinga lokushisa liphezulu, ngakho-ke ilangabi le-oxyacetylene lisetshenziswa kakhulu ekushiseleni igesi njengamanje.
71. Ukucindezeleka: kubhekisela emandleni athwalwa yinto endaweni ngayinye.
72. Ukucindezeleka kokushisa: kubhekisela ekucindezelekeni okubangelwa ukusatshalaliswa kokushisa okungalingani ngesikhathi sokushisela.
73. Ukucindezeleka kwezicubu: kubhekisela ekucindezelekeni okubangelwa izinguquko zezicubu ezibangelwa izinguquko zokushisa.
74. Ukucindezeleka okuqondene ne-onedirectional: Ukucindezeleka okukhona ohlangothini olulodwa ku-weldment.
75. Ukucindezeleka okubili: Ukucindezeleka okukhona ngezindlela ezahlukene endizeni.
76. Ukucindezeleka okuvunyelwe kwe-weld: kubhekisela ekucindezelekeni okuphezulu okuvunyelwe ukuba khona ku-weld.
77. Ukucindezeleka kokusebenza: Ukucindezeleka kokusebenza kubhekisela ekucindezelekeni okubangelwa yi-weld esebenzayo.
78. Ukugxila ekucindezelekeni: kubhekisela ekusabalaleni okungalingani kokucindezeleka okusebenzayo ejoyintini elihlanganisiwe, futhi inani eliphezulu lokucindezeleka liphakeme kunenani elijwayelekile lokucindezeleka.
79. Ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi: kubhekisela ekucindezelekeni okugcinwe emzimbeni onwebekayo lapho kungekho mandla angaphandle.
80. Indawo eshisa kakhulu: Endaweni ethinteke kakhulu ekushiseni yokushisela, kunendawo enesakhiwo esishisa kakhulu noma okusanhlamvu okuqinile.
81. Isakhiwo esishisa kakhulu: Ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisela, insimbi eyisisekelo eduze komugqa wokuhlanganisa ivame ukushiswa kakhulu endaweni, okubangela ukuthi okusanhlamvu kukhule futhi kwakheke isakhiwo esinezakhiwo ezibuthakathaka.
82. Insimbi: Kutholakale izakhi ezingu-107 emvelweni kuze kube manje. Phakathi kwalezi zakhi, lezo ezine-conductivity kagesi enhle, i-thermal conductivity, kanye ne-flammability kanye ne-metallic luster zibizwa ngokuthi izinsimbi.
83. Ukuqina: Amandla ensimbi okumelana nokushaywa kanye nokuvinjwa abizwa ngokuthi ukuqina.
Ukuqhekeka okungu-84.475°C: Ukushintshwa kwe-Ferrite + austenite dual-phase okuqukethe isigaba se-ferrite esengeziwe (ngaphezu kuka-15~20%), ngemva kokushisa ku-350~500°C, ukuqina kwe-plasticity kuzoncishiswa kakhulu, okungukuthi, izinto ziyashintsha zibe brittle. Ngenxa yokuqhekeka okusheshayo ku-475°C, kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukuqhekeka okungu-475°C.
85. Ukubumbana: Insimbi iyinto eqinile ekushiseni okuvamile, futhi uma ishiswa iye ekushiseni okuthile, iyashintsha isuke esimweni esiqinile iye esimweni soketshezi. Lesi sici sibizwa ngokuthi ukubumbana.
86. Ukushintsha kwe-short-circuit: ithonsi ekugcineni kwe-electrode (noma ucingo) lithintana ne-short-circuit nechibi elincibilikisiwe, futhi ngenxa yokushisa okukhulu nokuncipha kwamandla kazibuthe, liyaqhuma futhi lishintshele ngqo echibini elincibilikisiwe.
87. Ukuguquka kwesifutho: Ithonsi elincibilikisiwe lisesimweni sezinhlayiya ezincane futhi lidlula ngokushesha esikhaleni se-arc liye echibini elincibilikisiwe ngendlela efana nesifutho.
88. Ukumanzisa: Ngesikhathi sokufutha, insimbi yokufutha incike ekusebenzeni kwe-capillary ukuze igeleze esikhaleni esiphakathi kwamalunga okufutha. Amandla ale nsimbi yokufutha i-liquid brazing ukuze ingene futhi inamathele okhunini abizwa ngokuthi ukumanzisa.
89. Ukuhlukaniswa: Kuwukusatshalaliswa okungalingani kwezingxenye zamakhemikhali ekushiseni.
90. Ukumelana nokugqwala: kubhekisela ekhonweni lezinto zensimbi lokumelana nokugqwala yizinto ezahlukahlukene.
91. Ukumelana nokushiswa kwe-oksidashini: kubhekisela ekhonweni lezinto zensimbi lokumelana nokushiswa kwe-oksidashinishini.
92. Ukuqhekeka kwe-hydrogen: Isenzakalo sokuthi i-hydrogen ibangela ukwehla okukhulu kwe-plasticity yensimbi.
93. Ngemuva kokushisa: Kubhekisela esilinganisweni sobuchwepheshe sokushisa i-weldment ku-150-200°C isikhathi esithile ngokushesha ngemva kokushisela yonke noma endaweni.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-14-2023
