Ukuze wenze isiqandisi, qala ngokuqonda ulwazi oluvamile lwesiqandisi

I-refrigerant, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-refrigerant, iyisithako esisebenzayo ohlelweni lokuqandisa. Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-80 zezinto ezingasetshenziswa njengeziqandisi. Iziqandisi ezivame kakhulu yi-Freon (kufaka phakathi: R22, R134a, R407c, R410a, R32, njll.), i-ammonia (NH3), amanzi (H2O), i-carbon dioxide (CO2), inani elincane lama-hydrocarbon (njenge: R290, R600a).

Izinkomba zomthelela weziqandisi emvelweni womhlaba zihlanganisa ikakhulukazi: amandla okuphela kwe-ozone (ODP) kanye namandla okufudumala komhlaba (GWP); ngaphezu komthelela emvelweni, iziqandisi kufanele futhi zibe nokuphepha okwamukelekayo ukuvikela izimpilo zabantu kanye nempahla yabo.

Amandla Okuncipha Kwe-Ozone ye-ODP: Kubonisa ikhono lama-chlorofluorocarbons emoyeni lokubhubhisa ungqimba lwe-ozone. Uma inani lincane, kulapho izici zemvelo ze-refrigerant zingcono khona. Ama-refrigerant anamanani e-ODP angaphansi noma alingana no-0.05 abhekwa njengamukelekayo ngokusekelwe emazingeni amanje.

Amandla Okufudumala Komhlaba Wonke e-GWP: Isibonakaliso somthelela wesimo sezulu obangelwa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa, okubonisa ukuthi phakathi nesikhathi esithile (iminyaka engama-20, iminyaka eyi-100, iminyaka engama-500), umphumela wokushisa komhlaba wegesi ethile ebamba ukushisa uhambelana nekhwalithi ye-CO2 enomphumela ofanayo, i-CO2. I-GWP=1.0. Ngokuvamile bala i-GWP ngokusekelwe eminyakeni eyi-100, ekhonjiswe njenge-GWP100, i-“Montreal Protocol” kanye ne-“Kyoto Protocol” zombili zisebenzisa i-GWP100.

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-refrigerant

Ngokusho kwe-GB/T 7778-2017, ukuphepha kwe-refrigerant kuhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezingu-8, okungukuthi: A1, A2L, A2, A3, B1, B2L, B2, B3, phakathi kwazo i-A1 iphephile kanti i-B3 iyingozi kakhulu.

Amazinga okuphepha kwama-refrigerant avamile alandelayo:

Uhlobo A1: R11, R12, R13, R113, R114, R115, R116, R22, R124, R23, R125, R134a,, R236fa, R218, RC318, R401a, R401b, R402a, R402b, R403a, R403b, R404a, R407a, R407b, R407c, R407d, R408a, R409a, R410a, R417a, R422d, R500, R501, R502, R507a, R508a, R508b, R509a, R513a, R744

Uhlobo A2: R142b, R152a, R406a, R411a, R411b, R412a, R413a, R415b, R418a, R419a, R512a

Isigaba se-A2L: R143a, R32, R1234yf, R1234ze(E)

Ikilasi A3: R290, R600, R600a, R601a, R1270, RE170, R510a, R511a

Isigaba B1: R123, R245fa

Isigaba se-B2L: R717

Ngokusho kwezinga lokushisa lokuhwamuka kwe-refrigerant ngaphansi komfutho womoya ojwayelekile (100kPa), ingahlukaniswa ibe: i-refrigerant enokushisa okuphezulu, i-refrigerant enokushisa okuphakathi, kanye ne-refrigerant enokushisa okuphansi.

Isiqandisi esinomfutho ophansi esinokushisa okuphezulu: izinga lokushisa lokuhwamuka liphakeme kune-0°C, kanti ingcindezi yokuminyana iphansi kune-29.41995×104Pa. Lawa ma-refrigerant afanele ukusetshenziswa kuma-compressor esiqandisi se-centrifugal ezinhlelweni zomoya opholile.

Isiqandisi esiphakathi nengcindezi ephakathi nendawo: isiqandisi esiphakathi nengcindezi ephakathi nendawo: izinga lokushisa lokuhwamuka -50 ~ 0°C, ingcindezi yokujiya (196.113 ~ 29.41995) × 104Pa. Lolu hlobo lwesiqandisi luvame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuqandisa ze-piston ezivamile zokucindezela kwesigaba esisodwa kanye nezigaba ezimbili.

Isiqandisi esinomfutho ophezulu kanye nokushisa okuphansi: isiqandisi esinomfutho ophezulu kanye nokushisa okuphansi: izinga lokushisa lokuhwamuka lingaphansi kuka -50°C, kanti ingcindezi yokuminyana iphakeme kuno-196.133×104Pa. Lolu hlobo lwesiqandisi lufanelekela ingxenye yokushisa okuphansi yedivayisi yesiqandisi noma idivayisi yokushisa okuphansi engaphansi kuka -70°C.