1. Indawo eyakhiwe
(1) Ngaphambi kokwakha indawo yokugcina izinto ezibandayo, umsebenzisi kudingeka ukuthi ehlise phansi kwendawo yokugcina izinto ezibandayo ngo-200-250mm, bese elungisa phansi;
(2) Amapayipi okukhipha amanzi angaphansi kanye namapayipi okukhipha amanzi abandayo kudingeka ashiywe ngaphansi kwendawo yokugcina amanzi ebandayo ngayinye. Akukho payipi lokukhipha amanzi angaphansi efrijini futhi amapayipi okukhipha amanzi abandayo kumele abekwe ngaphandle kwendawo yokugcina amanzi ebandayo;
(3) Indawo yokugcina izinto ezishisayo ephansi idinga ukufakwa kwezintambo zokufudumeza phansi, futhi enye isilungele ukusetshenziswa okunye. Ngemva kokuba izintambo zokufudumeza sezibekwe phansi, ungqimba lokuvikela phansi lungabekwa ngokuvikelwa kwasekuqaleni okungaba ngu-2 mm. Uma phansi lapho kutholakala khona indawo yokugcina izinto ezibandayo kuyiphansi eliphansi, izintambo zokufudumeza kungenzeka zingasetshenziswa phansi endaweni yokugcina izinto ezishisayo ephansi.
2. Ibhodi yokushisa
Ibhodi lokuvikela ugesi kumele lihambisane nezindinganiso zikazwelonke futhi libe nombiko wokuhlolwa ovela kwi-Bureau of Technical Supervision.
2.1 Izinto zokuvala umoya
Izinto zokuvikela ukushisa kufanele zisebenzise ibhodi lokuvikela ukushisa elihlanganisiwe le-polyurethane foam elinepuleti lensimbi elifuthwe ngepulasitiki noma ipuleti lensimbi engagqwali nhlangothi zombili, elinobukhulu obungu-100mm okungenani. Izinto zokuvikela ukushisa azinawo ama-CFC. Kuvunyelwe ukwengeza ingxenye ethile yezinto zokuqinisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza, kodwa akukwazi ukunciphisa ukusebenza kokuvikela ukushisa.
2.2 Uhlangothi lwephaneli olufakwe ugesi
(1) Amaphaneli angaphakathi nangaphandle ayizingcwecwe zensimbi ezinemibala.
(2) Ingqimba yokumboza yamapuleti ensimbi anombala kumele ingabi nobuthi, ingabi nephunga, imelane nokugqwala, futhi ihambisane nezindinganiso zokuhlanzeka kokudla zomhlaba wonke.
2.3 Izidingo zokusebenza zizonke zesivikelo sokushisa
(1) Akukho zinto zokuvikela ukushisa eziveziwe ezivunyelwe ebusweni bokufakwa kwebhodi lokuvikela ukushisa, futhi akumele kube neziphambeko ezinobukhulu obungaphezu kuka-1.5mm ebusweni bokuhlangana.
(2) Ubuso bebhodi lokuvikela ukushisa kufanele bugcinwe buthe tyaba futhi bubushelelezi, futhi akufanele kube nokugoba, imihuzuko, amaqhubu, noma amaphutha angalingani.
(3) Kuvunyelwe ukuthathwa izinyathelo zokuqinisa ngaphakathi kwebhodi lokuvikela ukushisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla omshini, kodwa akuvunyelwe ukunciphisa umphumela wokuvikela ukushisa.
(4) Izinto ezizungezile zebhodi lokuvikela ukushisa kumele zibe yinto eqinile efana neyokuvikela ukushisa, futhi ezinye izinto ezinokushisa okuphezulu azivunyelwe.
(5) Kufanele kube nezinyathelo zokuvimbela amabhuloho abandayo ezinhlanganisweni eziphakathi kwamaphaneli odonga okuvikela ukushisa kanye nomhlabathi.
(6) Izihlanganisi phakathi kwamabhodi okuvikela ukushisa kumele zivalwe ngeglue yengilazi noma enye into engenabo ubuthi, engenaphunga elingavamile, engenakuguqulwa kwezinto eziyingozi, ehlangabezana nezidingo zokuhlanzeka kokudla kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuvala.
(7) Isakhiwo sokuxhumanisa phakathi kwamaphaneli okuvikela ukushisa kufanele siqinisekise ingcindezi phakathi kwamalunga kanye nokuxhumeka okuqinile kwamalunga.
2.4 Izidingo zokufakwa kwesivikelo sokushisa
Umthungo phakathi kwebhodi lokugcina impahla kanye nebhodi lokugcina impahla kumele uvalwe kahle, ukuhlangana phakathi kwamabhodi amabili okugcina impahla kumele kube ngaphansi kuka-1.5mm, futhi isakhiwo kumele siqine futhi sithembeke. Ngemva kokuhlanganisa umzimba wokugcina impahla, wonke amalunga amabhodi okugcina impahla kufanele ambozwe nge-sealant eqhubekayo nefanayo. Izakhiwo ezihlukanisayo zamalunga ahlukahlukene zichazwe ngezansi.
2.5 Umdwebo wesimiso wokuhlanganiswa kwebhodi lomtapo wolwazi
Uma ubude bophahla budlula ama-4m noma uphahla lwendawo yokugcina izinto ezibandayo lulayishiwe, uphahla lwendawo yokugcina izinto ezibandayo kumele luphakanyiswe. Indawo yebhawodi kufanele ikhethwe maphakathi nepuleti lomtapo wolwazi. Ukuze amandla epuleti lomtapo wolwazi afane ngangokunokwenzeka, insimbi ye-aluminium alloy angle noma isivalo samakhowe kumele sisetshenziswe njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni.
2.6 Izidingo zokuvala izihlanganisi zamabhodi okushisa agcinwe endaweni yokugcina izinto
(1) Kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izinto zokuvikela ukushisa zebhodi lodonga endaweni ehlangana nebhodi lodonga nomhlabathi zixhumene eduze nezinto zokuvikela ukushisa phansi, ngokuvalwa okuthembekile nokwelashwa okuvikela umswakama.
(2) Uma izihlanganisi zamabhodi okuvikela ukushisa zivalwe futhi ziboshwe ngokuthululwa kanye nokugqwala endaweni, okokuqala, qiniseka ukuthi izinto zokuvikela ukushisa zamabhodi amabili okuvikela ukushisa zingaxhunywana eduze, bese usebenzisa iteyipu yokuvala ukuze unamathisele ngokulinganayo ubuso obuhlangene ukuze ususe izikhala futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ukuvikela kuboshwe ngokuqinile.
(3) Izinto zokuvala ezisemaceleni ebhodi lokuvikela ukushisa ngokwalo kufanele zilwe nokuguga, zimelane nokugqwala, zingabi nobuthi, zingabi nephunga elingavamile, zingabi nokuguquguquka kwezinto eziyingozi, zihlangabezane nezidingo zokuhlanzeka kokudla futhi zibe nokusebenza kahle kokuvala. Izinto zokuvala ezisemaceleni akumele zisuswe noma zisuswe endaweni yazo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uphawu olusemaceleni luqinile futhi lulingana.
(4) Uma kusetshenziswa iteyipu yokuvala ukuvala amalunga amaphaneli okushisa, usayizi wamalunga akufanele ube ngaphezu kuka-3mm.
(5) Amaphaneli okushisa akha umzimba wokugcina kumele ahlanganiswe ngokulingana nokuphakama kwawo, ngaphandle kwamalunga aphakathi avundlile.
(6) Ubukhulu besendlalelo sokuvikela phansi kwesitoreji esibandayo kufanele bube ngu-≥ 100mm.
(7) Kumelwe kuthathwe izinyathelo zokunciphisa umphumela “webhuloho elibandayo” wesakhiwo sendawo yokuphakamisa ophahleni lwendawo yokugcina izinto, futhi imigodi endaweni yokuphakamisa kufanele ivalwe.
(8) Ukushisa kwezinto zokuphakamisa ezixhunywe ebhodini lokugcina impahla kufanele kube kuncane, kanti ingaphakathi lendawo yokugcina impahla kufanele limbozwe ngesivalo sezinto ezifanayo.
3. Izidingo zomnyango wokugcina izinto ezibandayo ezilungisiwe kusengaphambili
1) Indawo yokugcina izinto ezibandayo elungiselelwe kusengaphambili ifakwe izinhlobo ezintathu zeminyango: umnyango onama-hinged, umnyango oshelelayo ozenzakalelayo ohlangothini olulodwa, kanye nomnyango oshelelayo ohlangothini olulodwa.
2) Ubukhulu, ungqimba olungaphezulu kanye nezidingo zokusebenza kokuvikela ukushisa komnyango wokugcina obandayo kufana nalezo zephaneli yokugcina, futhi isakhiwo sohlaka lomnyango nomnyango akufanele sibe namabhuloho abandayo.
3) Zonke izinhlaka zeminyango yokugcina izinto ezibandayo ezinokushisa okuphansi kufanele zifakwe imishini yokushisa kagesi noma imishini yokushisa ephakathi ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthi uphawu lomnyango lungaqandi. Uma kusetshenziswa imishini yokushisa kagesi, kumele kuhlinzekwe imishini yokuvikela ukushisa kagesi kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha.
4) Iminyango yamafriji amancane namafriji iyiminyango elenga eceleni ngesandla. Ubuso bomnyango buyadingeka ukuthi bufane nobephaneli yokushisa. Akufanele kube “nebhuloho elibandayo” esibambweni somnyango kanye nesakhiwo somnyango, futhi ukuvulwa komnyango kufanele kube ngaphezu kwama-degrees angu-90.
5) Umnyango wokugcina izinto ezibandayo ufakwe isivalo somnyango, kanti isivalo somnyango sinomsebenzi wokukhulula ophephile.
6) Yonke iminyango yokugcina impahla kumele ibe lula futhi ivuleke futhi ivalwe. Indawo yokuvala yohlaka lomnyango kanye nomnyango ngokwawo kumele kube bushelelezi futhi kube yisicaba, futhi akumele kube khona ukugoba, ama-burrs, noma iziphetho zezikulufo ezigobile noma ezivezwe ukuze zibangele ukuklwebheka nokuhlikihla. Ingaxhunywa emngceleni wohlaka lomnyango.
4. Izesekeli zomtapo wolwazi
1) Indawo yokugcina ebanda esezingeni eliphansi (izinga lokushisa lokugcina <-5°C = idivayisi kagesi yokuvimbela ukuqandisa ukushisa kanye nedivayisi yokulawula izinga lokushisa okuzenzakalelayo kumele ifakwe ngaphansi komhlabathi ukuze kuvinjelwe ngempumelelo ukubanda kanye nokuguquguquka kobuso obungaphansi kwebhodi lokugcina.
2) Indawo yokugcina impahla ifakwe izibani ezikhanyayo ezivikela umswakama kanye nezivikela ukuqhuma, ezingasebenza ngokujwayelekile ku--25°C. Isibani kufanele sivikele umswakama, sivikele ukugqwala, sivikele i-asidi, futhi sivikele i-alkali. Ukukhanya okusegumbini lokugcina impahla kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo zokungena, ukuphuma nokugcina impahla, futhi ukukhanya komhlaba kufanele kube ngaphezu kuka-200lux.
3) Wonke amadivayisi nemishini esendaweni yokugcina ebandayo kufanele iphathwe ngokwelashwa kokulwa nokugqwala, kodwa kumele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi uqweqwe alunabo ubuthi, alungcolisi ukudla, alunaphunga elingavamile, kulula ukuluhlanza, akulula ukuzalanisa amagciwane, futhi luhlangabezana nezidingo zokuhlanzeka kokudla.
4) Izimbobo zamapayipi kumele zivalwe, zingangeni umswakama futhi zifakwe umswakama, futhi indawo engaphezulu kufanele ibe bushelelezi.
5) Indawo yokugcina ebanda esezingeni eliphansi lokushisa kufanele ibe nedivayisi yokulinganisela ingcindezi ukuvimbela nokuqeda umehluko omkhulu wengcindezi yomzimba wokugcina kanye nokuguquka komzimba wokugcina okubangelwa ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa okungazelelwe.
6) Amadivayisi okulwa nokushayisana kufanele afakwe eceleni kwendlela engaphandle kwendawo yokugcina izinto ebandayo. Ikhethini lepulasitiki elikhanyayo elingamelana nokushisa okuphansi kufanele lifakwe ngaphakathi komnyango wendlu yokugcina impahla.
7) Inkomba yokushisa iyadingeka ukuze ifakwe eduze komnyango wendlu yokugcina impahla.
8) Indawo yokugcina amanzi ebanda kumele ifakwe ipayipi lamanzi phansi ukuze indle ikwazi ukuthululwa lapho kuhlanza indawo yokugcina amanzi ebanda.
5. Izindinganiso zokukhetha izinto eziyinhloko kanye nezesekeli
Zonke izinto kumele zihambisane nezindinganiso zikazwelonke, futhi zibe nesitifiketi sokuhambisana nomthetho kanye nombiko wokuhlolwa ovela kwi-Technical Supervision Bureau.
Izindinganiso zokufakwa kwama-air cooler namapayipi
1. Ukufakwa kwe-cooler
1) Indawo yokufaka i-air cooler iyadingeka ukuthi ibe kude nomnyango wendlu yokugcina impahla, phakathi nodonga, futhi i-air cooler ngemva kokufakwa kufanele igcinwe ivundlile;
2) Isipholile somoya siphakanyiswa ophahleni, futhi ukuqina kwaso kumele kulungiswe ngamabhawodi e-nylon akhethekile (i-nylon yezinto ezibonakalayo 66) ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwamabhuloho abandayo;
3) Uma kusetshenziswa amabhawodi ukulungisa i-air cooler, kuyadingeka ukufaka amabhlogo ezinkuni ayisikwele anobude obungaphezu kuka-100mm kanye nobukhulu obungaphezu kuka-5mm phezulu kophahla ukuze kwandiswe indawo ethwala umthwalo yebhodi lokugcina impahla, kuvinjelwe ibhodi lokugcina impahla ukuthi lingaguquki, futhi kuvinjelwe ukwakheka kwamabhuloho abandayo;
4) Ibanga phakathi kwe-air cooler nodonga lwangemuva lingu-300-500mm, noma ngokuya ngobukhulu obunikezwe umenzi we-air cooler;
5) Indlela umoya ohamba ngayo endaweni epholile ayikwazi ukushintshwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi indawo epholile iphuma ngaphandle;
6) Uma indawo yokugcina ebandayo incibilika, injini yefeni kumele inqanyulwe ukuze kuvinjelwe umoya oshisayo ukuthi ungangeni endaweni yokugcina ngesikhathi sokuncibilika;
7) Ukuphakama komthwalo endaweni yokugcina izinto ezibandayo kufanele okungenani kube ngamasentimitha angu-30 ngaphansi kunephansi le-air cooler.
2. Ukufakwa kwepayipi lesiqandisi
1) Uma ufaka i-valve yokwandisa, iphakheji yokuzwa izinga lokushisa kumele iboshwe engxenyeni engenhla yepayipi yokubuyisa umoya evundlile, futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuthintana kahle nepayipi yokubuyisa umoya. Ingaphandle lepayipi yokubuyisa umoya kufanele lifakwe umswakama ukuze kuvinjelwe iphakheji yokuzwa izinga lokushisa ukuthi ingathinteki izinga lokushisa lokugcina;
2) Ngaphambi kokuba ipayipi lokubuyisela umoya le-air cooler liphume endlini yokugcina impahla, kufanele kufakwe i-oyela return bend phansi kwepayipi elikhuphukayo;
3) Uma igumbi lokucubungula elifrijiwe kanye negumbi lokugcina elifrijiwe noma ikhabhinethi elinokushisa okuphakathi nendawo lihlanganyela iyunithi eyodwa, kumele kufakwe ivalvu yokulawula ukucindezela okuhwamukayo ngaphambi kokuba ipayipi lomoya obuyayo legumbi lokucubungula elifrijiwe lixhunywe kumapayipi amanye amakhabhinethi okugcina elifrijiwe noma anokushisa okuphakathi nendawo;
4) Indawo yokugcina izinto ebandayo ngayinye kumele ifake amavalvu ebhola azimele epayipini lokubuyisela umoya kanye nepayipi lokuhambisa uketshezi ukuze kube lula ukusebenza nokugcinwa.
Ukukhethwa, ukushisela, ukubeka, ukulungisa, kanye nokulondolozwa kokushisa kwamanye amapayipi kumele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso ezichazwe ku-“Refrigeration Pipeline Engineering Materials, Construction, and Inspection Standards”.
3. Ukufakwa kwepayipi lokukhipha amanzi
1) Ipayipi lokukhipha amanzi elihamba ngaphakathi kwendlu yokugcina impahla kufanele libe lifushane ngangokunokwenzeka; ipayipi lokukhipha amanzi elihamba ngaphandle kwendlu yokugcina impahla kufanele ligijime endaweni engabonakali ngemuva noma ohlangothini lwendlu yokugcina ebandayo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukushayisana futhi kuthinte ukubukeka;
2) Ipayipi lokukhipha amanzi lefeni yokupholisa kufanele libe nomthambeka othile oholela ngaphandle kwendawo yokugcina ebandayo, ukuze amanzi ancibilikisayo akhishwe kahle endaweni yokugcina ebandayo;
3) Ukuze kugcinwe endaweni ebandayo enokushisa okusebenzayo okungaphansi kuka-5°C, ipayipi lokukhipha amanzi endaweni yokugcina kumele lifakwe ipayipi lokuvikela (ubukhulu bodonga bungaphezu kuka-25mm);
4) Intambo yokushisa kumele ifakwe epayipini lokukhipha amanzi efrijini;
5) Ipayipi elixhumanisayo elingaphandle kwendlu yokugcina impahla kumele lifakwe isicupho sokukhipha amanzi, futhi kufanele kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kukhona uketshezi oluthile olufakwe epayipini ukuze kuvinjelwe umoya oshisayo omkhulu ongaphandle kwendlu yokugcina impahla ukuthi ungangeni endaweni yokugcina ebandayo;
6) Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthi ipayipi lokukhipha amanzi lingangcoli futhi livaleke, indawo yokugcina amanzi ebandayo ngayinye kumele ifakwe ipayipi lokukhipha amanzi elihlukile phansi ukuze kuncibilikiswe (indawo yokugcina amanzi efrijini ingafakwa ngaphakathi kwendawo yokugcina amanzi, kanti ifriji kumele ifakwe ngaphandle).
4. Ezinye izindinganiso zobunjiniyela
Ukwakhiwa kwendawo yegumbi lomshini, ukungenisa umoya, ukulungiswa kweyunithi, njll. kuzokwenziwa ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile "neZinga Lokwakha Nokuhlola Lobunjiniyela Obuyisisekelo".
Ukwakhiwa kobunjiniyela kagesi kwesitoreji esibandayo kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhambisana "neZinga Lokwakha Nokuhlola Lobunjiniyela Bakagesi".
5. Ukubalwa komthwalo wokugcina okubandayo
Umthwalo oqondile wokugcina okubandayo kufanele ubalwe ngokwesofthiwe yokubala. Isofthiwe evame ukusetshenziswa ifaka phakathi i-Wittboxnp 4.12, i-Crs.exe, njll. Uma izici ezifana nokugcina ukudla, izinga lokushisa lokugcina ukudla, isikhathi sokugcina, inani leminyango evulekile, kanye nenani labasebenza kungatholakali, izindlela ezilandelayo zingasetshenziswa ukulinganisa:
5.1 Umthwalo wokupholisa weziqandisi namafriji ubalwa ngokuya nge-W0=75W/m3 ngemitha eyi-cubic, futhi uphindaphindwe yizici zokulungisa ezilandelayo.
1) Uma u-V (umthamo wendawo yokugcina ebanda) < 30 m3, endaweni yokugcina ebanda eneminyango evulekayo kaningi, isici sokuphindaphinda u-A=1.2
2) Uma i-30 m3≤V<100 m3, indawo yokugcina ebandayo enezikhathi zokuvula iminyango ezivamile, isici sokuphindaphinda A=1.1
3) Uma i-V≥100 m3, indawo yokugcina ebandayo enezikhathi zokuvula iminyango ezivamile, isici sokuphindaphinda A=1.0
4) Uma kuyisitoreji esisodwa esibandayo, isici sokuphindaphinda B=1.1, okunye B=1
Umthwalo wokugcina wokupholisa W=A*B*W0*umthamo
5.2 Ukulinganisa umthwalo phakathi kokucubungula
Kumakamelo okucubungula avulekile, bala ngo-W0=100W/m3 ngemitha eyi-cubic ngayinye, bese uphinda ngama-coefficients okulungisa alandelayo.
Egumbini lokucubungula elivaliwe, bala ngokuya nge-W0=80W/m3 ngemitha eyi-cubic ngayinye, bese uphinda-phinda nge-coefficient yokulungisa elandelayo.
1) Uma u-V (umthamo wegumbi lokucubungula) < 50 m3, phinda ngesici A = 1.1
2) Uma i-V≥50 m3, isici sokuphindaphinda i-A=1.0
Umthwalo wokugcina wokupholisa W=A*W0*ivolumu
5.3 Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, isikhala samafin sefeni sokupholisa egumbini lokucubungula kanye nendawo yokugcina ebandayo singu-3-5mm, kanti isikhala samafin sefeni sokupholisa esiqandisini singu-6-8mm
5.4 Umthamo wokufaka esiqandisini weyunithi ekhethiwe yokuqandisa kumele ube ngu-≥ umthwalo wokugcina obandayo/0.85, futhi izinga lokushisa lokuhwamuka elihambisanayo kumele libe ngaphansi kuka-2-3°C kunezinga lokushisa lokuhwamuka kwe-air cooler (ukulahlekelwa ukumelana kumele kucatshangelwe).
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-30-2023
