1. Ulwazi oluyisisekelo lwesimo somoya esimaphakathi
1. Iyini i-refrigerant futhi iyini isimiso sayo sokusebenza?
Into esebenzayo edlulisa ukushisa phakathi kwento ezopholiswa kanye nendawo ezungezile, bese ekugcineni idlulisa ukushisa kusuka entweni ezopholiswa iye endaweni ezungezile esiqandisini esenza umjikelezo wokuqandisa. Umgomo wayo osebenzayo ukuthi i-refrigerant imunce ukushisa kwento epholile ku-evaporator bese iphuma.
2. Iyini i-refrigerant yesibili futhi iyini isimiso sayo sokusebenza?
Into ephakathi nendawo edlulisela amandla okupholisa edivayisi yokuqandisa iye endaweni epholile. Isibonelo, amanzi abandayo asetshenziswa kakhulu okupholisa umoya ayapholiswa ku-evaporator bese ethuthwa amabanga amade ukuze apholise izinto ezidinga ukupholiswa.
3. Kuyini ukushisa okunengqondo?
Okusho ukuthi, ukushisa okubangela ushintsho lokushisa ngaphandle kokushintsha isimo sento kubizwa ngokuthi ukushisa okunengqondo. Izinguquko zokushisa ezinengqondo zingalinganiswa ngamathuluzi okulinganisa izinga lokushisa.
4. Kuyini ukushisa okucashile?
Ukushisa okubangela ushintsho lwesimo (okwaziwa nangokuthi ukuguquka kwesigaba) ngaphandle kokushintsha izinga lokushisa lento kubizwa ngokuthi ukushisa okucashile. Izinguquko zokushisa okucashile azikwazi ukulinganiswa ngamathuluzi okulinganisa izinga lokushisa.
5. Kuyini ukucindezela okuguqukayo, ukucindezela okungaguquki kanye nokucindezela okuphelele?
Uma ukhetha i-air conditioner noma ifeni, imiqondo emithathu yokucindezela okungaguquki, ukucindezela okuguqukayo, kanye nokucindezela okuphelele kuvame ukuhlangana.
Umfutho oqinile (Pi): Umfutho odalwa umthelela wama-molecule omoya odongeni lwepayipi ngenxa yokunyakaza okungajwayelekile ubizwa ngokuthi umfutho oqinile. Lapho kubalwa, umfutho oqinile one-vacuum ephelele njengephuzu le-zero lokubala ubizwa ngokuthi umfutho oqinile oqinile. Umfutho oqinile onengcindezi yomoya njengo-zero ubizwa ngokuthi umfutho oqinile olinganiselwe. Umfutho oqinile womoya ku-air conditioner ubhekisela kumfutho oqinile olinganiselwe. Umfutho oqinile uba mnene uma uphakeme kunomfutho womoya kanti ungabi mnene uma uphansi kunomfutho womoya.
Ukucindezela okuguqukayo (Pb): kubhekisela ekucindezelweni okukhiqizwa lapho umoya ugeleza. Uma nje umoya ugeleza emgudwini womoya, kuzoba nokucindezela okuthile okuguqukayo, futhi inani lawo liyohlala lihle.
Ingcindezi iyonke (Pq): Ingcindezi iyonke iyisamba se-algebraic sengcindezi engaguquki kanye nengcindezi eguquguqukayo: Pq=Pi + Pb. Ingcindezi iyonke imelela amandla ayonke aphethwe yigesi engu-1m3. Uma ingcindezi yomoya isetshenziswa njengendawo yokuqala yokubala, ingaba yinhle noma ibe yimbi.
2. Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-air conditioner
1. Ngokwenhloso yokusebenzisa, yiziphi izinhlobo zama-air conditioner ezingahlukaniswa ngazo?
Isifudumezi somoya esikhululekile: sidinga izinga lokushisa elifanele, indawo ekhululekile, azikho izidingo eziqinile zokunemba kokulungiswa kwezinga lokushisa nomswakama, ezisetshenziswa ezindlini, emahhovisi, emabhayisikobho, ezitolo ezinkulu, ezindaweni zokuzivocavoca umzimba, ezimotweni, emikhunjini, ezindizeni, njll.
I-process air conditioner: Kunesidingo esithile sokunemba kokulungiswa kwezinga lokushisa, futhi kukhona nesidingo esiphezulu sokuhlanzeka komoya. Isetshenziswa ezindaweni zokusebenzela zokukhiqiza amadivayisi kagesi, ezindaweni zokusebenzela zokukhiqiza amathuluzi anembile, amakamelo amakhompyutha, amalabhorethri ezinto eziphilayo, njll.
2. Ngokwendlela yokwelapha umoya, yiziphi izinhlobo ezingahlukaniswa ngazo?
Umoya opholile ophakathi: Imishini yokucubungula umoya igxile ekamelweni eliphakathi lomoya opholile, bese umoya ophathwe kahle uthunyelwa ohlelweni lomoya opholile ekamelweni ngalinye ngepayipi lomoya. Ifanele izindawo ezinezindawo ezinkulu, amakamelo aqinile, kanye nemithwalo yokushisa nomswakama eseduze kakhulu ekamelweni ngalinye.
I-air-conditioner esezingeni eliphansi: Uhlelo lwe-air-conditioner olune-air-conditioner ephakathi kanye nama-terminal units acubungula umoya. Lolu hlelo luyinkimbinkimbi futhi lungafinyelela ukunemba okuphezulu kokulungiswa. Lufanelekela ama-workshop kanye nama-laboratory anezidingo eziphezulu zokunemba komoya.
Isifudumezi somoya esingaphelele: Igumbi ngalinye linemishini yalo yokucubungula isifudumezi somoya, njengesifudumezi somoya esihlukanisiwe. Kungaba futhi uhlelo olwakhiwe ngama-air conditioner e-fan-coil anamapayipi ahlinzeka ngamanzi abandayo nashisayo phakathi nendawo, futhi igumbi ngalinye lingalungisa izinga lokushisa legumbi lalo njengoba kudingeka.
3. Ngokusho kwamandla okupholisa, yiziphi izinhlobo ezingahlukaniswa ngazo?
Amayunithi amakhulu okupholisa umoya: njengohlobo lokufafaza oluvundlile, amayunithi okupholisa umoya apholile ebusweni, asetshenziswa ezindaweni zokusebenzela ezinkulu, kuma-cinema, njll.
Amayunithi omoya opholile aphakathi nendawo: njengeziqandisi zamanzi kanye neziqandisi zomoya zamakhabethe, njll., ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni zokusebenzela ezincane, amakamelo amakhompyutha, izindawo zemihlangano, izindawo zokudlela, njll.
Amayunithi amancane okupholisa umoya: ama-air conditioner ahlukene amahhovisi, amakhaya, izindlu zezivakashi, njll.
4. Ngokuya ngenani lomoya omusha, yiziphi izinhlobo zama-air conditioner ezingahlukaniswa ngazo?
Uhlelo oluhamba kanye kuphela: Umoya ocutshungulwayo uwumoya omusha, othunyelwa ekamelweni ngalinye ukuze kushintshwe ukushisa nomswakama bese ukhishwa ngaphandle, ngaphandle kwemigudu yomoya ebuyayo.
Uhlelo oluvaliwe: uhlelo lapho wonke umoya ocutshungulwa uhlelo lokupholisa umoya ujikeleziswa khona futhi kungafakwa umoya omusha.
Uhlelo lwe-hybrid: Umoya ophathwa yi-air conditioner uyinhlanganisela yomoya obuyayo nomoya omusha.
5. Kuhlukaniswe ngokwejubane lokunikezwa komoya?
Uhlelo olunesivinini esiphezulu: isivinini somoya sepayipi lomoya eliyinhloko singama-20-30m/s.
Uhlelo olunesivinini esiphansi: isivinini somoya sepayipi lomoya eliyinhloko singaphansi kuka-12m/s.
3. Amagama avamile asetshenziswa kuma-air conditioner
1. Umthamo wokupholisa ojwayelekile
Ukushisa okususwe endaweni noma egumbini yi-air conditioner ngaphansi kwesimo sokupholisa esijwayelekile ngeyunithi ngayinye kubizwa ngokuthi umthamo wokupholisa ojwayelekile.
2. Umthamo wokushisa ojwayelekile
Ukushisa okukhishwa yi-air conditioner kuya endaweni noma egumbini ngaphansi kwesimo sokushisa esijwayelekile ngeyunithi ngayinye ngesikhathi.
3. Isilinganiso Sokusebenza Kahle Kwamandla (EER)
Amandla okufaka injini ngeyunithi ngayinye. Ibonisa isilinganiso samandla okupholisa e-air conditioner namandla okupholisa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokupholisa, futhi iyunithi ingu-W/W.
4. Ipharamitha yokusebenza (i-COP)
Inani le-COP lepharamitha yokusebenza le-compressor yesiqandisi, okungukuthi: amandla okupholisa ngeyunithi ngayinye yamandla omgodi.
5. Amayunithi okulinganisa umoya opholile kanye nokuguqulwa kwawo okuvamile:
I-kilowatt eyodwa (KW) = amakhalori angu-860 (Kcal/h).
Ikhalori enkulu (Kcal/h) = 1.163 watts (w).
Ithani eli-1 lokuqandisa (USRT) = 3024 kcal (Kcal/h).
Ithoni Yesiqandisi E-1 (USRT) = 3517 Watts (W).
4. Izipholisi zomoya ezivamile
1. Ifriji epholiswe ngamanzi
I-chiller epholiswe ngamanzi iyingxenye yeyunithi yokuqandisa yesistimu yomoya opholile ephakathi. I-refrigerant yayo ngamanzi, ebizwa ngokuthi i-chiller, futhi ukupholisa kwe-condenser kufezwa ngokusebenzisa ukushintshana kokushisa nokupholisa kwamanzi okushisa ajwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, ibizwa ngokuthi iyunithi epholiswe ngamanzi, kanti okuphambene neyunithi epholiswe ngamanzi kubizwa ngokuthi iyunithi epholiswe umoya. I-condenser yeyunithi epholiswe umoya ifinyelela injongo yokupholisa ngokungenisa umoya okuphoqelelwe kanye nokushintshana kokushisa nomoya wangaphandle.
2. Uhlelo lwe-VRV
Uhlelo lwe-VRV luyisistimu yokugeleza kwe-refrigerant eguquguqukayo. Uhlobo lwayo luyiqembu lamayunithi angaphandle, akhiwe ngamayunithi asebenzayo, amayunithi esivinini esingaguquki kanye namayunithi okuguqula imvamisa. Ngokuxhuma uhlelo lweyunithi yangaphandle ngasikhathi sinye, amapayipi okuqandisa agxiliswa ohlelweni olulodwa lwepayipi, olungalinganiswa kalula ngokuya ngomthamo weyunithi yangaphakathi.
Amayunithi angaphakathi angafinyelela kwangu-30 angaxhunywa eqenjini elilodwa lamayunithi angaphakathi, futhi umthamo weyunithi yangaphakathi ungalungiswa ngaphakathi kuka-50% kuya ku-130% womthamo weyunithi yangaphandle.
3. Umshini wemodyuli
Yakhiwe ngesisekelo sohlelo lwe-VRV, umshini we-modular ushintsha ipayipi lendabuko le-Freon libe uhlelo lwamanzi, uhlanganisa amayunithi angaphakathi nangaphandle abe yiyunithi yokuqandisa, bese ushintsha iyunithi yangaphakathi ibe yiyunithi ye-fan coil. Inqubo yokuqandisa yenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukushintshana kokushisa kwamanzi okuqandisa. Umshini we-modular uthola igama lawo ngoba ungalungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo inani lamayunithi okuqala ngokwezidingo zomthwalo wokupholisa futhi wenze inhlanganisela eguquguqukayo.
4. I-piston chiller
I-piston chiller iyidivayisi yokubandisa ehlanganisiwe esetshenziselwa ngokukhethekile ukupholisa umoya opholile, ehlanganisa kahle i-compressor yokubandisa i-piston, imishini yokusiza kanye nezesekeli ezidingekayo ukuze kufezwe umjikelezo wokubandisa. Ama-piston chiller azimele aqala ku-60 kuya ku-900KW, afanele amaphrojekthi aphakathi namancane.
5. Isikulufa esibandayo
Ama-screw chiller ayimishini yokuqandisa enkulu nephakathi nendawo enikeza amanzi abandayo. Ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukupholisa umoya ocwaningweni lokuvikela izwe, ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla, ezokuthutha, amahhotela, izindawo zokudlela, imboni yokukhanya, izindwangu neminye iminyango, kanye namanzi abandayo okugcina amanzi kanye namaphrojekthi kagesi. I-screw chiller iyisistimu yokuqandisa ephelele eyakhiwe yi-screw friji compressor unit, i-condenser, i-evaporator, izingxenye zokulawula okuzenzakalelayo kanye nezinsimbi. Inezinzuzo zesakhiwo esiqinile, usayizi omncane, isisindo esincane, indawo encane, ukusebenza okulula kanye nokugcinwa, kanye nokusebenza okuzinzile, ngakho-ke isetshenziswe kabanzi. Amandla ayo okupholisa eyunithi eyodwa asukela ku-150 kuya ku-2200KW, futhi afaneleka kumaphrojekthi aphakathi namakhulu.
6. Isitshizi se-Centrifugal
I-centrifugal chiller iyi-chiller ephelele eyakhiwe ama-compressor okuqandisa e-centrifugal, ama-evaporator afanayo, ama-condenser, amadivayisi okulawula ukubhoboza kanye namamitha kagesi. Amandla okupholisa omshini owodwa asukela ku-700 kuya ku-4200KW. Ifanele amaphrojekthi amakhulu namakhulu kakhulu.
7. Isiqandisi sokumunca i-lithium bromide
I-lithium bromide absorption chiller isebenzisa amandla okushisa njengamandla, amanzi njengesiqandisi, kanye nesixazululo se-lithium bromide njengesimunca ukukhiqiza amanzi esiqandisi angaphezu kuka-0°C, angasetshenziswa njengomthombo obandayo wezinqubo zokupholisa umoya noma zokukhiqiza. I-lithium bromide absorption chiller isebenzisa amandla okushisa njengoba Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ezivamile zamandla: uhlobo lokushisa ngqo, uhlobo lomusi, kanye nohlobo lwamanzi ashisayo. Amandla okupholisa asukela ku-230 kuya ku-5800KW, afanelekela amaphrojekthi aphakathi nendawo, amakhulu, kanye namakhulu kakhulu.
5. Ukuhlukaniswa kwamayunithi omoya opholile aphakathi
Iyunithi yokupholisa umoya ephakathi iyingxenye eyinhloko yesistimu yokupholisa umoya ephakathi. Ukukhetha amayunithi okunengqondo kubaluleke kakhulu kuphrojekthi yokupholisa umoya ephakathi. Ngokuphathelene nendlela yokuqandisa kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwesakhiwo samayunithi amanzi abandayo (ashisayo), angahlukaniswa ngalezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-06-2023
