I-compressor ingumshini oyinkimbinkimbi osebenza ngesivinini esikhulu. Ukuqinisekisa ukugcotshwa okwanele kwe-crankshaft ye-compressor, ama-bearings, izinduku zokuxhuma, ama-piston nezinye izingxenye ezihambayo kuyimfuneko eyisisekelo yokugcina ukusebenza okuvamile komshini. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abakhiqizi be-compressor badinga ukusetshenziswa kwamazinga athile kawoyela wokugcoba, futhi badinga ukuhlolwa njalo kwezinga likawoyela nombala kawoyela wokugcoba. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobudedengu ekwakhiweni kwesistimu yokuqandisa, ukwakhiwa kanye nokugcinwa kwayo, ukuntuleka kwamafutha ku-compressor, ukubilisa kanye nokuwohloka kwamafutha, ukuncibilikisa uketshezi, ukuhlanza okuqandisiwe, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamafutha okugcoba aphansi, njll., kuvamile.
1. Ukugcotshwa okunganele
Imbangela eqondile yokuguguleka: ukugcotshwa okunganele. Ukuntuleka kwamafutha nakanjani kuzobangela ukugcotshwa okunganele, kodwa ukugcotshwa okunganele akubangelwa ukuntuleka kwamafutha.
Izizathu ezintathu ezilandelayo zingadala nokuntuleka kokuthambisa:
Isithambisi asikwazi ukufinyelela ezindaweni zokubeka.
Nakuba uwoyela wokugcoba usufinyelele endaweni yokubeka, ububomvu bawo buncane kakhulu ukuba bungakha ifilimu kawoyela enobukhulu obanele.
Nakuba uwoyela wokugcoba usufinyelele phezulu kwebhereyi, uyabola ngenxa yokushisa ngokweqile futhi awukwazi ukugcoba.
Imiphumela emibi ebangelwayo: inethiwekhi yokumunca uwoyela noma ukuvaleka kwepayipi lokuphakelwa uwoyela, ukwehluleka kwephampu kawoyela, njll. kuzothinta ukulethwa kwamafutha okugcoba, kanti uwoyela okugcoba awukwazi ukufinyelela endaweni yokungqubuzana kude nephampu kawoyela. Inethi yokumunca uwoyela kanye nephampu kawoyela kuvamile, kodwa ukuguguleka kwamabhere, ukuvuleka ngokweqile, njll. kubangela ukuvuza kwamafutha kanye nomfutho ophansi kawoyela, okuzokwenza indawo yokungqubuzana kude nephampu kawoyela ingakwazi ukuthola uwoyela okugcoba, okuholela ekugugulekeni nasekuklwebhekeni.
Ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene (kufaka phakathi isigaba sokuqala kwe-compressor), izinga lokushisa lendawo yokungqubuzana ngaphandle kwamafutha okugcoba lizokhuphuka ngokushesha, futhi uwoyela wokugcoba uzoqala ukubola ngemva kokudlula ku-175°C. “Ukuwohloka okunganele kokugcotshwa-ukungqubuzana-indawo yokushisa okuphezulu-uwoyela” kuwumjikelezo ojwayelekile wobubi, futhi izingozi eziningi ezimbi, kufaka phakathi ukukhiya kwenduku yokuxhuma kanye nokujama kwepiston, zihlobene nalo mjikelezo wobubi. Lapho ushintsha ipuleti le-valve, hlola ukuguguleka kwephini lepiston.
2. Ukuntuleka kwamafutha
Ukuntuleka kwamafutha kungenye yamaphutha e-compressor abonakala kalula. Uma i-compressor ingenayo uwoyela, kuncane noma akukho uwoyela wokugcoba e-crankcase.
Uwoyela wokugcoba ophuma ku-compressor awubuyi: i-compressor izoshoda uwoyela uma uwoyela wokugcoba ungabuyi.
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokubuyisa uwoyela kusuka ku-compressor:
Enye iwukuhlanzwa kwamafutha okubuyisela.
Enye ipayipi lokubuyisela uwoyela.
Isihlukanisi samafutha sifakwe epayipini lokukhipha umoya le-compressor, elingahlukanisa uwoyela ongama-50-95%, ngomphumela omuhle wokubuyisa uwoyela kanye nesivinini esisheshayo, okunciphisa kakhulu inani lamafutha angena epayipini lesistimu, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ukusebenza ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokubuyisa uwoyela. Ezinhlelweni zokugcina iziqandisi ezibandayo ezinepayipi elide kakhulu, izinhlelo zokwenza iqhwa eligcwele amanzi, kanye nemishini yokomisa eqandisini enamazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu, ukufakwa kwezihlukanisi zamafutha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kungandisa kakhulu isikhathi sokusebenza kwe-compressor ngaphandle kokubuyisa uwoyela, ukuze i-compressor ikwazi ukudlula ngokuphephile esikhathini esingenamsebenzi ngemva kokuqala. Sibuyela esigabeni senkinga samafutha.
Uwoyela wokugcoba ongakahlukaniswa uzongena ohlelweni: uzogeleza nesiqandisi esisepayipini ukuze kwakheke umjikelezo wamafutha.
Ngemva kokuba uwoyela wokugcoba ungene ku-evaporator:
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yokushisa okuphansi kanye nokuncibilika okuphansi, ingxenye yamafutha okugcoba ihlukaniswe ne-refrigerant.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinga lokushisa liphansi futhi i-viscosity iphakeme, futhi uwoyela wokugcoba ohlukanisiwe kulula ukuwunamathela odongeni lwangaphakathi lwepayipi, okwenza kube nzima ukugeleza.
Uma izinga lokushisa lokuhwamuka liphansi, kuba nzima kakhulu ukubuyisela uwoyela. Lokhu kudinga ukuthi ukwakheka nokwakhiwa kwepayipi lokuhwamuka kanye nepayipi lokubuyisa kumele kube nomthelela ekubuyeni kwamafutha. Umkhuba ovamile ukwamukela umklamo wepayipi elihlayo nokuqinisekisa isivinini esikhulu somoya. Ezinhlelweni zokuqandisa ezinamazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu, njengebhokisi lezokwelapha eli-cryogenic elingu--85°C kanye no--150°C, ngaphezu kokukhetha abahlukanisi bamafutha abasebenza kahle kakhulu, izinyibilikisi ezikhethekile zivame ukungezwa ukuvimbela uwoyela wokugcoba ukuthi ungavimbi amashubhu e-capillary nama-valve okwandisa, nokusiza ukubuya kwamafutha.
Ezisetshenzisweni ezisebenzayo, izinkinga zokubuyisa uwoyela ezibangelwa ukwakheka okungafanele kwama-evaporator kanye nemigqa yomoya wokubuyisa azivamile. Ezinhlelweni ze-R22 kanye ne-R404A, ukubuyiselwa uwoyela kwe-evaporator egcwele amanzi kunzima kakhulu, futhi ukwakheka kwepayipi lokubuyisa uwoyela lesistimu kumele kuqaphe kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kokuhlukaniswa kwamafutha okusebenza kahle kakhulu kunganciphisa kakhulu inani lamafutha angena epayipini lesistimu, kwandise isikhathi ngempumelelo ngaphandle kokubuyiselwa uwoyela epayipini lomoya wokubuyisa ngemva kokuqala.
Uma i-compressor iphakeme kune-evaporator, kudingeka i-return oil trap emugqeni wokubuyisa oqondile. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ukubuya kukawoyela kungaphansi komthwalo ophansi, ipayipi lokumunca eliqondile lingathatha ipayipi eliphindwe kabili.
Ukuqala njalo kwe-compressor akuhambisani nokubuyiselwa kwamafutha. Ngenxa yokuthi isikhathi sokusebenza esiqhubekayo sifushane, i-compressor iyama, futhi asikho isikhathi sokwenza ukuhamba komoya okuzinzile ngesivinini esiphezulu epayipini lomoya elibuyayo, ngakho-ke uwoyela wokugcoba ungahlala kuphela epayipini. Uma uwoyela wokubuyisa ungaphansi kwamafutha okugijima, i-compressor izoshoda ngamafutha.
Uma kuncibilikiswa, izinga lokushisa le-evaporator liyakhuphuka, futhi i-viscosity kawoyela wokugcoba iyancipha, okwenza kube lula ukugeleza. Ngemva komjikelezo wokuncibilikisa, izinga lokugeleza kwesiqandisi liphezulu, futhi uwoyela wokugcoba obambekile uzobuyela ku-compressor. Uma kunokuvuza okuningi kwesiqandisi, ijubane lokubuyela kwegesi lizoncipha. Uma ijubane liphansi kakhulu, uwoyela wokugcoba uzohlala epayipini legesi elibuyayo futhi ngeke libuyele ku-compressor ngokushesha.
Idivayisi yokuvikela ukuphepha komfutho kawoyela izoma ngokuzenzakalelayo uma kungekho uwoyela wokuvikela i-compressor ekulimaleni. Akukho ngilazi yokubona
Ama-compressor afakwe ngokuphelele (kufaka phakathi ama-rotor nama-scroll compressors) kanye nama-compressor apholile emoyeni anamadivayisi okuphepha kokucindezela uwoyela awanazo izimpawu ezisobala lapho uwoyela ungekho, futhi ngeke ame, futhi i-compressor izoguga ingaqapheli.
Umsindo we-compressor, ukudlidliza noma ugesi oweqile kungahlotshaniswa nokuntuleka kwamafutha, ngakho-ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukwahlulela ngokunembile isimo sokusebenza kwe-compressor kanye nohlelo.
3. Isiphetho
Imbangela eyinhloko yokuntuleka kwamafutha akusikho inani kanye nesivinini sokuphelelwa yi-compressor kwamafutha, kodwa ukubuya kabi kwamafutha ohlelweni. Ukufaka isihlukanisi samafutha kungabuyisa ngokushesha uwoyela futhi kwandise isikhathi sokusebenza kwe-compressor ngaphandle kokubuya kwamafutha. Ama-evaporator kanye nemigqa yokubuyisela kumele kuklanywe kucatshangwa ngokubuya kwamafutha. Izindlela zokulungisa ezifana nokugwema ukuqala njalo, isikhathi sokuncibilikisa, ukugcwalisa kabusha i-refrigerant ngesikhathi, kanye nokushintsha izingxenye ze-piston ezigugile ngesikhathi nakho kusiza ukubuya kwamafutha.
Ukubuyiselwa koketshezi kanye nokufuduka kwe-refrigerant kuzonciphisa uwoyela wokugcoba, okungasizi ekwakhekeni kwefilimu kawoyela;
Ukwehluleka kwephampu kawoyela kanye nokuvaleka kwesekethe kawoyela kuzothinta ukuhlinzekwa kukawoyela kanye nomfutho kawoyela, okuholela ekushodeni kukawoyela ebusweni bokungqubuzana;
Ukushisa okuphezulu kobuso bokungqubuzana kuzokhuthaza ukubola kwamafutha okugcoba futhi kwenze uwoyela wokugcoba ulahlekelwe amandla awo okugcoba;
Ukungagcobi ngokwanele okubangelwa yilezi zinkinga ezintathu kuvame ukubangela umonakalo we-compressor. Imbangela eyinhloko yokuntuleka kwamafutha uhlelo. Ukushintsha i-compressor noma ezinye izesekeli kuphela okungeke kuxazulule inkinga yokuntuleka kwamafutha.
Ngakho-ke, ukwakhiwa kwesistimu kanye nokwakhiwa kwepayipi kumele kucabangele inkinga yokubuyiselwa kwamafutha ohlelweni, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoba nezinkinga ezingapheli! Isibonelo, ngesikhathi sokuklama nokwakhiwa, ipayipi lokubuyisela umoya we-evaporator linikezwa ukugoba kokubuyela kwamafutha, kanti ipayipi lokukhipha umoya linikezwa ukugoba kokuhlola. Wonke amapayipi kufanele ahambe ngoketshezi. Isiqondiso siyehla yonke indlela, ngomthambeka ongu-0.3 ~ 0.5%.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-26-2022
