Ama-compressor esiqandisi sezikulufo angama-compressor evolumu. Njengoba esetshenziswe kusukela ngo-1934, ngenxa yokusebenza kwawo okuhle kakhulu, ukungagugi, kanye nomthamo omkhulu wokupholisa, abusa izinhlelo zesiqandisi ezincane kuya kwezinkulu neziphakathi nendawo. Ngakho-ke yiziphi izinhlobo zokwehluleka okungenzeka kwenzeke kuma-compressor esikulufo esiqandisi se-fluorine ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa, ake sibheke ngezansi!
1. Isilinganiso sokucindezelwa okungavamile
2. Ukusebenza kahle okuphansi kanye nokwehluleka kwe-condenser
3. Ukusebenza kahle okuphansi kanye nokwehluleka kwe-evaporator
4. Ukwehluleka kwesistimu yesekethe kawoyela
5. Ukwehluleka kukagesi
1. Isilinganiso sokucindezelwa okungavamile
Isilinganiso sokucindezela siyaziwa yinoma ubani owaziyo ngokusebenza kwe-compressor. Kodwa iyini inzuzo yesilinganiso sokucindezela? Ingabe iyithuluzi lokubala eliklanywe nje, empeleni, akunjalo.
Umehluko phakathi komshini wesikulufu nomshini wepiston ukuthi umshini wepiston uzocindezela kancane kuphela, kuyilapho umshini wesikulufu uzocindezela kakhulu.
Uma ithintekile yisakhiwo, umshini wesikulufu unedatha ebalulekile, okungukuthi, isilinganiso sevolumu yangaphakathi, isifinyezo sesiNgisi esithi Vi, sama-compressor amaningi esikulufu, i-Vi ayiguquki. Ngokombono wokugcinwa nokusebenza, inani lesilinganiso sevolumu yangaphakathi lifana kakhulu nenani lesilinganiso sokucindezela kwangaphandle (isilinganiso sokucindezela okuphelele kwengcindezi yokujiya kanye nengcindezi yokuhwamuka), futhi ukusebenza kahle kwale compressor kuphakeme kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke kwenzekani uma isilinganiso sokucindezela sikhulu noma sincane?
Uma inkulu kakhulu, noma umehluko wokucindezela mkhulu kakhulu, kufakazela ukuthi uhlelo luphambuka ngokuphelele enanini lomklamo. Izimpawu eziyinhloko ukuthi izinga lokushisa lokukhipha kanye nokushisa kokucindezela kuphakeme kakhulu, ingcindezi yokumunca iphansi, kanti izinga lokushisa liphezulu.
Uma ingcindezi yokukhipha umoya kanye nokushisa kuphezulu kakhulu, imiphumela emibi ngokuyinhloko ukuthi uwoyela wokugcoba ohlelweni kulula ukuwugcoba, awufaneleki ukwakha ifilimu kawoyela, futhi i-rotor ayikwazi ukugcotshwa ngokugcwele.
Umfutho ophansi wokumunca, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokumunca lithinta kakhulu ukupholisa kwenjini, kanye nokushisa okuphezulu kokumunca. Imiphumela iyafana nokushisa okuphezulu kokumunca kanye nomfutho.
Uma incane kakhulu, ithinta kakhulu ukushaywa okumanzi (imoto emanzi, iqhwa eliguquliwe). Kwezinye izinto, i-screw compressor imelana nokushaywa okumanzi, okuhlanganisa neminye yemiklamo yethu, futhi abathengisi bathanda ukuyikhuthaza kanje. Eqinisweni, imishini yezikulufo yesaba kakhulu ukushaywa okumanzi. Uma inani elikhulu loketshezi libuyela ku-compressor, lizobangela ukuncibilika kwamafutha okugcoba, futhi umphumela ulingana nokushisa okuphezulu kokukhipha.
Vele, isilinganiso sokucindezela sincane kakhulu, futhi sibangelwa ukuguguleka okukhulu kwe-rotor kanye nokwehluleka kokulayisha nokulayisha.
2. Ukusebenza kahle kwe-condenser kuphansi
Ukusebenza kahle okuphansi kwe-condenser kuthinta kakhulu izinga lokushisa lokunikezwa koketshezi nokuthi kungakha yini uketshezi. Siyazi ukuthi i-valve yokunweba ihlinzekwa kahle ngoketshezi oluphelele. Ngale ndlela, ukusebenza kahle kohlelo kuphakeme futhi amandla okupholisa makhulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amayunithi amakhulu anesitoreji esinamathiselwe, esisetshenziswa kakhulu ekupholiseni uwoyela. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwe-condenser. Ukwehluleka kubangelwa kakhulu ukukhetha okungalungile kwendlela yokupholisa, indawo enganele yokuhwamuka, indawo yokupholisa enganele, kanye nokushintshana kokushisa okunganele. Ngakho-ke, amaphuzu abalulekile afana namafeni, amaphampu amanzi, kanye namafin ahlolwa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.
Uma sikhuluma ngalokhu, umphumela wokufiphaza muhle kakhulu. Isibonelo, uma izinga lokushisa elizungezile liphansi kakhulu, umphumela wokufiphaza muhle kakhulu, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle okuphezulu koketshezi olungena ku-evaporator. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukushisa okukhulu kokufiphaza kuphansi kakhulu futhi ukuzwela kwe-valve yokwandisa kuphansi, okuzobangela ukushaqeka kwe-hydraulic kwe-Start. Noma umehluko phakathi komfutho wokukhipha kanye nomfutho wokufiphaza awanele, okuyingozi emshinini wesikulufu ohlinzeka ngowoyela ocindezelwe ngokuhlukile.
3. Ukusebenza kahle kwe-evaporator kuphansi noma kuphezulu
Ukusebenza kahle okuphansi kwe-evaporator kuthinta kakhulu ukupholisa kwento ezopholiswa, kuyilapho ukushaywa ngamanzi kuthinta i-compressor. Futhi ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kuzokwenza ukushisa okukhulu kokumunca kube phezulu kakhulu, okuzothinta izinga lokushisa lokukhipha i-compressor.
Ukwahlulela ngokushaya kwesisu okumanzi
Uma i-Wet stroke, ngaphansi kwesimo sokushisa okuphansi, isahlulelo empeleni silula, ikakhulukazi sahlulelwa ngomugqa weqhwa wokumunca we-compressor, kodwa kuthiwani ngesimo se-air conditioner? Ngamazolo? Ikakhulukazi kuma-coolers, uma kunenkinga ekwahluleleni, izobangela izinkinga ezifana nokuphuka nokungena kwamanzi. Ngakho-ke, ingahlulelwa ngokuya ngomdwebo we-pressure-enthalpy, noma inani lokushisa lokukhipha ngaphandle kokushisa ngemva kokujiya. Uma inani lingaphansi kuka-30K, lingahlulelwa njengokushaya okumanzi.
Ake ngisho okunye lapha, ivalvu yokwandisa, anginalo uhlu oluhlukile (bheka incwadi yami yokugcinwa kwevalvu yokwandisa). Ivalvu yokwandisa akuyona ivalvu elawula yonke indawo, futhi akuzona zonke izimo zokusebenza ezihlangabezana nezidingo zokulungiswa kwevalvu yokwandisa. Ikakhulukazi izinqola ezinkulu ezidonswa amahhashi.
4. Inkinga yesekethe kawoyela
Kumjikelezo kawoyela, kubonakala kakhulu ekhwalithini kawoyela, ukuhlanzeka, izinga lokushisa lokubuyisa uwoyela, njll. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wamafutha okugcoba ohlelweni lokuqandisa lwe-screw compressor ukugcoba, ukupholisa nokuvala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inomsebenzi wokunciphisa umsindo kanye nokumuncwa kokushaqeka, kodwa kunempikiswano enkulu embonini, ikakhulukazi ngoba uwoyela uzokwakha amabhamuza omoya engxenyeni yemoto, futhi amabhamuza omoya azosusa umsindo, kodwa abanye abakhiqizi bacabanga ukuthi awusizi ngalutho, futhi uketshezi lwegesi kunzima ukululawula, ngakho-ke esikhundleni salokho engeza into evimbela igwebu.
Ukumuncwa kokushaqeka ikakhulukazi kwenzelwa ukuthambisa ama-rolling bearings, futhi lo mphumela awubonakali, ngakho-ke imisebenzi emibili engenhla ayikwazi ukubhekwa njengemisebenzi eyinhloko.
Izinga lokushisa lokubuyela kukawoyela lithinta kakhulu impilo yesevisi ye-screw compressor. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushisa lokusebenza elinconywayo liphakathi kuka-40 no-60°C, kanti abanye abakhiqizi nabo baphawula u-70°C noma u-80°C. Izinga lokushisa likawoyela eliphakeme kakhulu lizobangela ukugoba kukawoyela futhi lonakalise ukwakheka kwefilimu kawoyela. Izinga lokushisa likawoyela lithinta nezinga lokushisa lokukhipha umoya, okuthi lona lithinte isilinganiso sokucindezela. Ngakho-ke, sicela unake ukulungiswa lapho ukhetha izinga lokushisa likawoyela.
ukuhlanzeka kwamafutha
Ukuhlanzeka kwamafutha nakho kuwukuhlanzeka kohlelo. Ukugcina ukuhlanzeka kuyisici esiyinhloko se-screw compressor. I-screw compressor ayilingani ne-piston compressor. Ngenxa yezizathu zesakhiwo, ukuhlanzeka kohlelo kuphakeme kunokwe-piston compressor. Ngenxa yesivinini esikhulu se-meshing rotor, ezinye izinto zakwamanye amazwe zimuncwa ngokushesha kwi-compressor, okubangela umonakalo kwi-meshing rotor, ikakhulukazi ezinye izinhlayiya ezincane zensimbi noma izinto zakwamanye amazwe, ezizodabula phakathi kokuvinjwa kwesihlungi sokumunca (kufaka phakathi ezinye izinto zakwamanye amazwe ezinkulu, Umonakalo esikrinini sesihlungi ngenxa yokumunca akuyona into engavamile), noma ngisho nenkinga yokuhlanganiswa komshini ngokwawo, okubangela ukuthi izingxenye ziwe futhi zibhajwe phakathi kwama-rotor. Kuzobangela umonakalo oqondile kumoto. Nakuba izinhlayiya ezincane zensimbi zingasebenzi ngqo, zithinta ifilimu kawoyela ye-rotor, okuholela ekugcotshweni okubi kwe-rotor bearing, ukunamathela kwesilinda, kanye nokuluma kwebhokisi lokuthwala. Into embi kakhulu ukuthi izinhlayiya ezincane zizokwakha uchungechunge olufushane futhi zibangele umonakalo ngqo kumoto.
Ama-compressor kawoyela agcoba nge-asidi avame ukuhogela iphunga elishile likawoyela ogcobayo lapho evulwa ukuze ahlaziywe. Izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu lapho ubuso bensimbi bugugile kakhulu, futhi uwoyela ogcobayo uqala ukubila uma ungaphezu kuka-175oC. Uma kunamanzi amaningi ohlelweni (ukumpompa nge-vacuum akulungile, uwoyela ogcobayo kanye nesiqandisi kunokuqukethwe kwamanzi amaningi, umoya ungena ngemva kokuba ipayipi lomoya elibuyayo elinomfutho ongemuhle liphukile, njll.), uwoyela ogcobayo ungaba ne-asidi. Uwoyela ogcoba nge-asidi uzodla amashubhu ethusi kanye nokufakwa komoya ogobile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuzobangela ukufakwa kwethusi; ngakolunye uhlangothi, uwoyela ogcoba nge-asidi oqukethe ama-athomu ethusi awusebenzi kahle ekufakweni komoya, okunikeza izimo zokujikeleza okufushane komoya.
Kumayunithi e-screw compressor, izinhlobo eziningi zamaphutha zibangelwa izici eziningana. Isibonelo, ukwehluleka kokugcoba okubangelwa ukuntuleka kwamafutha kubangela ukuthi i-bearing ibambeke, i-rotor ibambeke, bese kuthi imoto ye-compressor ivalwe, i-compressor ihlangane nokuphakama okungavamile, bese imoto isha. Futhi kungani ukuntuleka kwamafutha noma ukwehluleka kokugcoba? Eqinisweni, kubangelwa kakhulu izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokukhipha umoya, ukushaqeka koketshezi nezinye izizathu. Ngakho-ke, kubasebenzi bokulungisa, lezi yizinto zonke ezidinga ukuqashelwa ngokucophelela nokucabanga kanzima ngaphambi kokuba zilungiswe futhi zilungiswe.
1. Uwoyela uyabila ngesikhathi sokuqalisa noma ukusebenza
Leli phutha libangelwa uketshezi olungena kwi-compressor, noma kukhona i-refrigerant eningi kakhulu ku-oyela wokugcoba. Sicela ulungise indlela yokucindezela ukuze uhlole ukuthi i-refrigerant ishajwe kakhulu yini.
2. Izinga likawoyela alanele noma liphezulu kakhulu
Uma kunganele, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi kuyiphutha likawoyela, inani lokugcwalisa uphethiloli alanele, futhi kunzima ukubuyisela uwoyela ku-evaporator. Uma ulungisa, qaphela ukuthi alikho yini izinga loketshezi echibini loketshezi. Kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi indlela yokucindezela inenkinga noma ibangelwa ukufakwa okungafanele.
Uma liphezulu kakhulu, kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi isihlungi samafutha sivaliwe futhi isiqandisi sixutshwe namafutha.
3. Izinga lokushisa lokukhipha umoya liphezulu kakhulu
Kunezici eziningi ezibangela izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokukhipha ugesi, ikakhulukazi ngenxa ye-refrigerant eningi kakhulu noma encane kakhulu, ukushisa okukhulu kokumunca, kanye nezimo zokusebenza ezingazinzile.
4. Ingcindezi yokumunca ephansi noma eguquguqukayo
Izimpawu eziyinhloko zomfutho ophansi wokumunca ukuntuleka kwe-refrigerant, ukungalingani kwendlela yokucindezela, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokufinyeza, ukushaqeka koketshezi, njll.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-05-2022
