Ukuqandisa: Inqubo yokusebenzisa umthombo wokushisa okuphansi okhiqizwa yifriji ukuze upholise umkhiqizo kusukela ekushiseni okuvamile bese uwuqandisa.
Ukuqandisa: Inqubo yokusebenza yokuthola umthombo wokushisa okuphansi ngokusebenzisa ushintsho lwesimo somzimba sefriji ukuze kutholakale umthombo wokushisa okuphansi ngomphumela wokupholisa.
Izinhlobo zemishini yokuqandisa: ukukhiqizwa komthombo obandayo (ukuqandisa), ukuqandisa izinto, ukupholisa.
Indlela yokuqandisa: uhlobo lwe-piston, uhlobo lwesikulufu, iyunithi ye-centrifugal friji compressor, iyunithi yokufunxa friji, iyunithi yokufunxa friji, iyunithi yokufunxa friji ye-steam jet kanye ne-nitrogen ewuketshezi.
Indlela yokuqandisa: epholiswe ngomoya, ecwiliswe emanzini futhi efrijini ngepayipi lensimbi, udonga kanye nedivayisi yokupholisa yokudlulisa ukushisa ethintana nezinto.
isicelo:
1. Ukuthuthwa kokudla okuqandisiwe, okuqandisiwe kanye nokuqandisiwe.
2. Ukupholisa, ukupholisa, ukugcina izinto ezipholile kanye nokuthuthwa kwemikhiqizo yezolimo nokudla okupholile.
3. Ukucubungula ukudla, njengokomisa okuqandisiwe, ukugxila kokuqandisiwe kanye nokupholisa izinto.
4. Ukupholisa umoya ezindaweni zokucubungula ukudla.
Isimiso somjikelezo wokuqandisa
Amadivayisi ayinhloko: i-compressor yesiqandisi, i-condenser, i-expansion valve, i-evaporator.
Isimiso somjikelezo wefriji: Ifriji imunca ukushisa futhi ifinyelele izinga layo lokubila uma isesimweni sokushisa okuphansi kanye noketshezi oluphansi, bese ihwamuka ibe yi-temperature ephansi kanye nomswakama ophansi. Ifriji ihwamuka ibe yigesi iba yi-temperature ephezulu kanye negesi yomfutho ophakeme ngaphansi kwesenzo se-compressor, bese izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nomfutho ophakeme kuqina kube uketshezi oluphansi. Ngemva kwe-valve yokwandisa, iba uketshezi oluphansi oluphansi olunomfutho ophansi, futhi imunca ukushisa futhi ihwamuke futhi ukuze yakhe umjikelezo wefriji.
Imiqondo Nezimiso Eziyisisekelo
Umthamo wesiqandisi: Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokusebenza (okungukuthi, izinga lokushisa elithile lokuhwamuka kwesiqandisi, izinga lokushisa lokufinyela, izinga lokushisa lokupholisa), inani lokushisa elikhishwa yisiqandisi entweni eqandisiwe ngesikhathi ngasinye. Eyaziwa nangokuthi umthamo wokupholisa wesiqandisi. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanayo, umthamo wokupholisa wesiqandisi esifanayo uhlobene nosayizi, isivinini kanye nokusebenza kahle kwe-compressor.
Ukuqandisa okuqondile: Emjikelezweni wokuqandisa, uma isiqandisi simunca ukushisa, i-evaporator ishintshanisa ukushisa ngqo nento ezopholiswa noma indawo ezungeze into ezopholiswa. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa emishinini yokuqandisa eyodwa edinga ukupholisa kwezimboni, njengeziqandisi ze-ayisikhilimu, izindawo zokugcina izinto ezincane ezibandayo kanye neziqandisi zasekhaya.
Isiqandisi: Into esebenzayo ejikeleza njalo kudivayisi yesiqandisi ukuze kufezwe isiqandisi. Idivayisi yesiqandisi sokucindezela umphunga idlulisa ukushisa ngokushintsha kwesimo sesiqandisi. Isiqandisi siyinto ebalulekile ukuze kufezwe isiqandisi sokwenziwa.
Iziqandisi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu
Ama-refrigerant asetshenziswa kakhulu: umoya, amanzi, usawoti kanye nesisombululo samanzi aphilayo.
Izindlela zokukhetha: indawo ephansi yokubanda, amandla amakhulu okushisa athile, akukho ukugqwala kwensimbi, ukuqina kwamakhemikhali, intengo ephansi kanye nokutholakala kalula.
Nakuba umoya njengesiqandisi unezinzuzo eziningi, usetshenziswa kuphela ngesimo sokuxhumana ngqo nokudla esiqandisini noma ekucutshungulweni kokuqandisa ngenxa yomthamo wawo omncane wokushisa kanye nomphumela omubi wokudlulisa ukushisa kwe-convection uma usetshenziswa njengesimo segesi.
Amanzi anokushisa okukhulu, kodwa anendawo yokubanda ephezulu, ngakho-ke angasetshenziswa kuphela njengesiqandisi sokulungiselela umthamo wokupholisa ongaphezu kuka-0 °C. Uma umthamo wokupholisa ongaphansi kuka-0 °C uzolungiswa, i-brine noma isixazululo se-organic sisetshenziswa njengesiqandisi.
Izixazululo zamanzi ze-sodium chloride, i-calcium chloride kanye ne-magnesium chloride zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-frozen brine. I-frozen brine esetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yokudla yi-sodium chloride aqueous solution. Phakathi kwezixazululo ze-organic refrigerants, ama-refrigerants amabili amele kakhulu. Isixazululo samanzi se-ethylene glycol kanye ne-propylene glycol.
Idivayisi eyinhloko yemishini yokuqandisa yokucindezela i-piston
Umsebenzi: Isetshenziselwa ukucindezela i-refrigerant ukuze yenze umsebenzi, ithole amandla, bese iqina bese inwebeka ukuze yakhe umthombo obandayo ongamunca ukushisa.
Indlela yokumelela imodeli: inani lamasilinda, uhlobo lwesiqandisi esisetshenzisiwe, uhlobo lokuhlelwa kwesilinda, kanye nobubanzi besilinda.
Ukwakheka: Ibhulokhi yesilinda, isilinda, i-piston, induku yokuxhuma, i-crankshaft, i-crankcase, ama-valve okungenisa kanye nokukhipha, isembozo esingamanga, njll.
Inqubo yokusebenza: Lapho i-piston inyukela phezulu, i-valve yokumunca iyavulwa, bese umhwamuko we-refrigerant ungena kwisilinda engxenyeni engenhla ye-piston nge-valve yokumunca. Lapho i-piston inyukela phezulu, i-valve yokumunca iyavalwa, i-piston iyaqhubeka nokunyuka, bese i-refrigerant esesilinda. Icindezelwe, lapho umfutho womoya ufinyelela ezingeni elithile, i-valve yokukhipha yesembozo esingamanga iyavulwa, bese umhwamuko we-refrigerant ukhishwa kwisilinda bese ucindezelwa ungene epayipini elinomfutho ophezulu.
Izici: Isakhiwo esilula, kulula ukusenza, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo okuqinile, ukusebenza okuzinzile kanye nokugcinwa okulula.
i-condenser
Umsebenzi: i-heat exchanger, ehlanganisa umusi oshisayo kakhulu we-refrigerant ube uketshezi ngokupholisa nokupholisa.
Uhlobo: igobolondo elivundlile kanye neshubhu, igobolondo eliqondile kanye neshubhu, isifutho samanzi, ukuhwamuka, ukupholisa umoya
Inqubo yokusebenza: Umhwamuko we-refrigerant oshisayo kakhulu ungena kwi-condenser usuka engxenyeni engenhla yegobolondo bese uthinta ubuso obubandayo be-tube, bese ujiya ube yifilimu ewuketshezi kuyo. Ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla adonsela phansi, i-condensate ishelela phansi odongeni lwe-tube bese ihlukana nodonga lwe-tube.
I-evaporator yokufutha amanzi inethangi lokuhambisa amanzi, ipayipi lokupholisa, kanye nethangi lokusabalalisa amanzi.
Inqubo yokusebenza: Amanzi okupholisa angena ethangini lokusabalalisa amanzi esuka phezulu, bese egeleza aye ebusweni obungaphandle bepayipi eligoqiwe ngethangi lokusabalalisa amanzi. Ingxenye yamanzi iyahwamuka, bese okusele kuwela echibini lamanzi. Iphansi lepayipi elingaphansi komugqa elifihliwe lingena epayipini, futhi uma liphakama eduze kwepayipi, liyaphola futhi lifinyezwe, bese ligeleza liye echibini loketshezi.
I-valve yokwandisa
Umsebenzi: nciphisa ingcindezi yesiqandisi futhi ulawule ukugeleza kwesiqandisi. Lapho isiqandisi soketshezi olunomfutho ophezulu sidlula ku-valve yokwandisa, ingcindezi yokujiya yehla kakhulu iye ekucindezelweni kokuhwamuka, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, isiqandisi soketshezi siyabila futhi simunce ukushisa, futhi izinga lokushisa laso liyehla.
I-valve yokwandisa ukushisa: Isebenzisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lomusi endaweni yokuphuma kwe-evaporator ukulungisa i-refrigerant. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile zeyunithi yokuqandisa, ingcindezi yokugeleza kwamanzi yento yokuphakelwa ilingana nesamba somfutho wegesi ngaphansi kwe-diaphragm kanye nengcindezi yasentwasahlobo, futhi isesimweni sokulingana. Ukungatholakali ngokwanele kwe-refrigerant kubangela ukuthi umusi ubuyele endaweni yokuphuma ye-evaporator, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu liyakhuphuka, izinga lokushisa lenzwa yokushisa liyakhuphuka, i-diaphragm iyehla, futhi ukuvulwa kwendawo yokuphuma kuyanda kuze kube yilapho inani loketshezi olunikezwayo lilingana nenani lokuhwamuka, bese izinga lokushisa lenzwa yokushisa liyakhuphuka. Ngakho-ke, i-valve yokwandisa ukushisa ingalungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo izinga lokuvula le-valve, futhi ivolumu yokuphakelwa koketshezi inganda noma yehle ngokuzenzakalelayo ngomthwalo, okungaqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yokushisa ye-evaporator isetshenziswa ngokugcwele.
Isihwamukisi
Umsebenzi: Isiqandisi simunca ukushisa kwendawo yokupholisa.
Ukuhlukaniswa: Ngokwemvelo yendawo yokupholisa, ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu.
1. I-evaporator yokupholisa uketshezi oluyi-refrigerant: njengesiqandisi samanzi, isiqandisi se-brine, njll. Isiqandisi simunca ukushisa ngaphandle kwe-tube, bese isiqandisi se-liquid sijikeleza e-tube ngephampu yoketshezi. Ihlukaniswe ngohlobo lwe-tube evundlile, uhlobo lwe-tube eqondile, uhlobo lwe-spiral tube kanye nohlobo lwe-coil ngokwesakhiwo.
2. I-evaporator yokupholisa umoya: i-refrigerant iyahwamuka epayipini, umoya ugeleza ngaphandle, futhi ukugeleza komoya kungokwamandla omoya angokwemvelo
3. I-evaporator yokuthintana ukuze kupholiswe izinto eziqandisiwe: I-refrigerant iyahwamuka kolunye uhlangothi lwe-partition yokudlulisa ukushisa, kanti olunye uhlangothi lwe-partition luthintana ngqo nezinto ezipholile noma eziqandisiwe.
Izici: umphumela omuhle wokudlulisa ukushisa, isakhiwo esilula, indawo encane, kanye nokungagqwali kahle kwemishini ngenxa yesistimu yokujikeleza kwefriji evaliwe.
Ububi: Uma ipompo yamanzi ahlanzekile ima ngenxa yokungasebenzi kahle, kungase kube nokuqandisa, okubangela ukuba i-tube cluster iqhume.
ipayipi lokupholisa
Ipayipi lokupholisa eliqondile
Izinzuzo: Ngemva kokuba i-refrigerant isiphefumuliwe, kulula ukuyikhipha, futhi umphumela wokudlulisa ukushisa muhle, kodwa uma ipayipi lokukhipha umoya liphezulu, izinga lokushisa lokuhwamuka kwe-refrigerant engezansi liphezulu ngenxa yokucindezela okungaguquki kwekholomu yoketshezi.
Ipayipi lodonga lohlobo lwekhoyili yomugqa owodwa:
Izinzuzo: Inani le-refrigerant eligcwalisiwe lincane, cishe u-50% womthamo wepayipi lokukhipha umoya, kodwa i-refrigerant ngeke ikhishwe ngokushesha epayipini ngemva kokuhwamuka, okunciphisa umphumela wokudlulisa ukushisa.
Ipayipi eligobile:
Izinzuzo: indawo enkulu yokushabalalisa ukushisa.
Amadivayisi awusizo emishini yokuqandisa yokucindezela i-piston
isihlukanisi samafutha
Umsebenzi: Isetshenziselwa ukuhlukanisa uwoyela wokugcoba ofakwe oketshezini olucindezelwe kanye negesi ukuvimbela uwoyela wokugcoba ukuthi ungangeni kwi-condenser futhi wonakalise izimo zokudlulisa ukushisa.
Umgomo Wokusebenza: Ngezilinganiso ezahlukene zamaconsi kawoyela kanye nomhwamuko wefriji, izinga lokugeleza liyancishiswa ngokwandisa ububanzi bepayipi, futhi indlela yokugeleza kwefriji iyashintshwa; noma ngamandla e-centrifugal, amaconsi kawoyela ahlala ekushiseni komhwamuko. Kuwoyela wokugcoba esimweni somusi, izinga lokushisa lomhwamuko liyancishiswa ngokuwasha noma ukupholisa, ukuze ujiye ube amaconsi kawoyela bese uhlukana. Isihlukanisi samafutha sohlobo lwesihlungi sifakwa efrijini yi-Freon.
Umsebenzi womqoqi wamafutha: uqoqa ingxube yesiqandisi kanye namafutha ehlukaniswe nesihlukanisi samafutha, i-condenser kanye namanye amadivayisi ohlelo lwesiqandisi, bese ehlukanisa uwoyela nesiqandisi esixubile ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephansi, bese ewakhipha ngokwehlukana. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kokukhishwa kwamafutha, uwoyela unciphisa ukulahleka kwesiqandisi.
Umsebenzi wesamukeli soketshezi ukugcina nokulungisa isiqandisi soketshezi esinikezwa engxenyeni ngayinye yesistimu yesiqandisi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokusebenza okuphephile kokuhlinzekwa koketshezi kwemishini. I-liquid accumulator ihlukaniswe ngokucindezela okuphezulu, ukucindezela okuphansi, umgqomo wokukhipha amanzi kanye nomgqomo wokugcina uketshezi olujikelezayo.
Umsebenzi wesihlukanisi segesi noketshezi: hlukanisa i-refrigerant ku-evaporator ukuvimbela uketshezi lwe-refrigerant ukuthi lungangeni ku-compressor bese ushaya isilinda; hlukanisa umusi ongasebenzi kahle kuketshezi lwe-ammonia olunomfutho ophansi ngemva kokubhoboza ukuze kuthuthukiswe umphumela wokudlulisa ukushisa kwe-evaporator.
Indima yesihlukanisi somoya: ukuhlukanisa nokukhipha igesi engavundi ohlelweni ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kohlelo lokuqandisa.
Indima ye-intercooler: efakwe ohlelweni lokuqandisa lokucindezela olunezigaba ezimbili (noma olunezigaba eziningi) ukuze kupholiswe igesi eshisayo ekhishwa ekucindezelweni kwesigaba sokucindezela okuphansi ukuze kupholiswe phakathi kwezigaba ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwe-compressor yesigaba sokucindezela okuphezulu; Uwoyela wokugcoba oqeqeshwe kanye ne-refrigerant yokupholisa kwenza i-refrigerant ithole umsebenzi wokupholisa okuncane kakhulu.
Indawo yokugcina ebandayo
Ukuhlukaniswa:
Indawo yokugcina ebandayo enkulu (ngaphezu kwama-5000t); indawo yokugcina ebandayo ephakathi nendawo (1500 ~ 5000t); indawo yokugcina ebandayo encane (ngaphansi kwama-1500t).
Ngokuya ngezidingo zokusebenzisa:
Indawo yokugcina ebanda kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu: ikakhulukazi efrijini izithelo, imifino, amaqanda amasha nokunye ukudla, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lokugcina lingu-4 ~ -2 ℃;
Indawo yokugcina ebanda emazingeni okushisa aphansi: ikakhulukazi inyama eqandisiwe neqandisiwe, imikhiqizo yasemanzini, njll., izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lokugcina lingu -18 ~ -30 ℃;
Indawo yokugcina izinto enomoya opholile: ilayisi lesitolo, ama-noodle, izinto zokwelapha, iwayini, njll. ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ezijwayelekile, izinga lokushisa elijwayelekile lendawo yokugcina izinto lingu-10 ~ 15 ℃
Imishini yokuqandisa ngokushesha: Ifanelekela ukuqandisa izinto zokusetshenziswa ezincane ezipakishwe noma ezingapakishiwe njengamabhulokhi, izingcezu, kanye nama-granule ukwenza zonke izinhlobo zokudla okuqandisiwe ngokushesha njengemfuyo, imikhiqizo yasemanzini, imifino, nama-dumplings. Izinga lokushisa lokuqandisa -30 ~ 40 ℃.
Ifriji esheshayo efana nebhokisi: Kunezingqwembe eziningana ezisicaba ezihambayo ezinezingqimba ezihlanganisiwe ebhokisini ezigoqwe ngezinto zokushisa. Ama-coil okuhwamuka afakwa ku-interlayer, futhi i-brine ingathululwa phakathi kwamapayipi, bese i-refrigerant igeleza kuma-coil okuhwamuka; imikhiqizo eqandisiwe ngokushesha ibekwa phakathi kwamapuleti, futhi amapuleti athuthwa ukuze acindezele izinto zokuqandisa.
Umshini wokuqandisa ngokushesha wohlobo lomhubhe: Uqukethe umzimba womhubhe, i-evaporator, ifeni, i-rack yezinto noma inethi yokudlulisa yensimbi engagqwali. Izinto ziqala zidlule ebhandeni le-mesh lesigaba sokuqala, eligijima ngokushesha, futhi ungqimba lwezinto luncane, ukuze ubuso buqandeke; ibhande le-mesh lesigaba sesibili, elihamba kancane futhi linengqimba yezinto ezijiyile, liqandisa yonke into ukuze kutholakale umkhiqizo oqandisiwe ngokushesha onezinhlamvu ezilodwa.
Ifriji yokucwilisa: Izinto eziqandisiwe zithintana ngqo negesi elicwengekile noma i-refrigerant ewuketshezi enokushisa okuphansi kakhulu ukuze kwenziwe umkhiqizo oqandisiwe ngokushesha. Ukudla kudlula ngokulandelana endaweni yangaphambi kokupholisa, indawo yokubanda kanye nendawo yokushisa ephakathi. I-nitrogen ewuketshezi igcinwa ngaphandle komhubhe bese ifakwa endaweni yokubanda ngaphansi kwengcindezi ethile yokufutha noma yokucwilisa. I-nitrogen eyakhiwe ngemva kokuba i-nitrogen ewuketshezi imunca ukushisa isesekushiseni okuphansi kakhulu, -10 kuya ku-5 °C, futhi ithunyelwa emhubheni ngumuntu othanda ukufudumala. Qhibilikisa kusengaphambili ingxenye yangaphambilini. Endaweni yokubanda, ukudla kuqandisiwe ngokushesha ngokuxhumana ne-nitrogen ewuketshezi ku--200°C.
Imishini yokuqandisa umoya opholile
Ukushisa komkhathi okulawulwayo: Ukuhlanganisa ukushisa nomkhathi okulawulwayo, ukulawula izinga lokushisa lokugcina kanye nokwakheka kwegesi, ukuze okuqukethwe yi-oxygen kanye ne-carbon dioxide endaweni yokugcina impahla kusetshenziswe kakhulu ukugcina izithelo nemifino, futhi kutholakale umphumela omuhle wokulondoloza.
Ukulahleka kwemikhiqizo egcinwe endaweni yokugcina kuncane. Ngokwezibalo, izinga lokulahlekelwa kwemikhiqizo yokugcina ebandayo lingu-21.3%, kanti izinga lokulahlekelwa kwemikhiqizo yokugcina ebandayo enomoya opholile lingu-4.8%.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-26-2022
