Uhlelo lokuqandisa luyigama elijwayelekile lemishini namapayipi lapho i-refrigerant igeleza khona, okuhlanganisa ama-compressor, ama-condenser, amadivayisi okubhoboza, ama-evaporator, amapayipi kanye nemishini yokusiza. Luyisistimu eyinhloko yemishini yokupholisa umoya, imishini yokupholisa kanye neyokuqandisa.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamaphutha okuvaleka ohlelweni lokuqandisa, njengokuvaleka kweqhwa, ukuvaleka okungcolile, kanye nokuvaleka kwamafutha. Ku-valve yokushaja ye-bypass, inkomba ingcindezi engemihle, umsindo weyunithi yangaphandle esebenza ulula, futhi akukho msindo woketshezi olugeleza ku-evaporator.
Izimbangela nezimpawu zokuvaleka kweqhwa
Amaphutha okuvaleka kweqhwa abangelwa kakhulu umswakama owedlulele ohlelweni lokuqandisa. Ngokujikeleza okuqhubekayo kwesiqandisi, umswakama ohlelweni lokuqandisa ugxila kancane kancane endaweni yokuphuma kwe-capillary. Ngenxa yokuthi izinga lokushisa endaweni yokuphuma kwe-capillary liphansi kakhulu, amanzi ayaqina futhi kancane kancane ande, ngezinga elithile, i-capillary izovinjwa ngokuphelele, isiqandisi asikwazi ukujikeleza, futhi isiqandisi ngeke siphole.
Umthombo oyinhloko womswakama ohlelweni lokuqandisa yilona: iphepha lokufaka umswakama emotweni eliku-compressor liqukethe umswakama, okuwumthombo oyinhloko womswakama ohlelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye kanye namapayipi axhumayo ohlelweni lokuqandisa anomswakama osele ngenxa yokomisa okunganele; uwoyela wesiqandisi kanye ne-refrigerant kuqukethe umswakama odlula inani elivunyelwe; Kumuncwa yiphepha lokufaka umswakama emotweni kanye namafutha okuqandisa. Ngenxa yezizathu ezingenhla, okuqukethwe kwamanzi ohlelweni lokuqandisa kudlula inani elivunyelwe ohlelweni lokuqandisa, futhi kuvaleka iqhwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuvaleka kweqhwa kuzokwenza ukuthi i-refrigerant yehluleke ukujikeleza, futhi i-friji ngeke ikwazi ukupholisa ngokujwayelekile; ngakolunye uhlangothi, amanzi azosabela ngamakhemikhali ne-refrigerant ukuze akhiqize i-hydrochloric acid kanye ne-hydrogen fluoride, okuzobangela ukugqwala kwamapayipi ensimbi kanye nezingxenye, futhi kubangele ngisho nomonakalo kuma-windings emoto. Ukufakwa komswakama kuyonakala, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, kuzokwenza uwoyela wesiqandisi ubole futhi kuthinte ukugcotshwa kwe-compressor. Ngakho-ke umswakama ohlelweni kumele ugcinwe uphansi.
Izimpawu zokuvaleka kweqhwa ohlelweni lokuqandisa ukuthi lisebenza ngokujwayelekile esigabeni sokuqala, iqhwa lakhiwa ku-evaporator, i-condenser iqeda ukushisa, iyunithi isebenza kahle, futhi umsindo womsebenzi we-refrigerant ku-evaporator ucacile futhi uzinzile. Ngokwakheka kokuvaleka kweqhwa, ukuhamba komoya kungezwa kancane kancane kuncipha futhi ngezikhathi ezithile. Lapho ukuvaleka kukhulu, umsindo wokugeleza komoya uyanyamalala, umjikelezo we-refrigerant uyaphazamiseka, futhi i-condenser iphola kancane kancane. Ngenxa yokuvaleka, umfutho wokukhipha umoya uyakhuphuka, umsindo womshini uyanda, akukho refrigerant egeleza ku-evaporator, indawo ye-frosting iyancipha kancane kancane, futhi izinga lokushisa liyakhuphuka kancane kancane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokushisa le-capillary nalo liyakhuphuka ndawonye, ngakho-ke ama-ice cubes aqala ukuncibilika. I-refrigerant iqala ukujikeleza futhi. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ukuvaleka kweqhwa kuzophinde kwenzeke, kwakha isenzakalo esivamile.
Izimbangela nezimpawu zokuvaleka okungcolile
Amaphutha okuvaleka kokungcola abangelwa ukungcola okweqile ohlelweni lokuqandisa. Imithombo eyinhloko yokungcola ohlelweni yile: uthuli kanye nokucheba kwensimbi ngesikhathi sokwenziwa kwamafriji, ungqimba lwe-oxide odongeni lwangaphakathi lwamapayipi ngesikhathi sokushisela, ubuso bangaphakathi nangaphandle bezingxenye abuhlanzwa ngesikhathi sokucubungula, futhi amapayipi awavalwanga kahle. Epayipini, kukhona ukungcola ku-oyili yomshini wokuqandisa kanye ne-refrigerant, kanye nempuphu ye-desiccant enekhwalithi ephansi esihlungini sokomisa. Iningi lala kungcola kanye nama-powder lisuswa yisihlungi sokomisa lapho kugeleza ngesihlungi sokomisa, futhi lapho isihlungi sokomisa sinokungcola okwengeziwe, ukungcola okuncane kanye nokungcola kulethwa epayipini le-capillary yi-refrigerant enesilinganiso sokugeleza esiphezulu. Izingxenye ezinokumelana okuphezulu ziyaqoqana futhi ziqongelelane, futhi ukumelana kuyanda, okwenza kube lula ukuthi ukungcola kuhlale kuze kube yilapho i-capillary ivaliwe futhi uhlelo lokuqandisa lungakwazi ukujikeleza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ibanga phakathi kwe-capillary kanye nesikrini sesihlungi esihlungini esomile liseduze kakhulu, kulula ukubangela ukuvaleka okungcolile; ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho kushiselwa i-capillary kanye nesihlungi esomile, kulula futhi ukushisela i-capillary nozzle.
Ngemva kokuba uhlelo lokuqandisa lungcolile futhi luvaliwe, ngoba i-refrigerant ayikwazi ukujikeleza, i-compressor isebenza njalo, i-evaporator ayibanda, i-condenser ayishisi, igobolondo le-compressor alishisi, futhi akukho msindo wokugeleza komoya ku-evaporator. Uma ivaliwe kancane, i-evaporator izoba nomuzwa opholile noma obandayo, kodwa ayikho iqhwa. Uma uthinta ubuso bangaphandle besihlungi esomile kanye ne-capillary, kuzwakala kubanda kakhulu, kukhona iqhwa, futhi kuzokwakheka ungqimba lwesiqhwa esimhlophe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lapho i-refrigerant igeleza ngesihlungi esomile esivinjelwe kancane noma i-capillary tube, izobangela ukugoba kanye nokunciphisa ingcindezi, ukuze i-refrigerant egeleza ngokuvinjelwa izokhula, ishise, futhi imunce ukushisa, okuholela ekujiyileni noma ekujiyileni ebusweni bangaphandle bokuvinjelwa. Iqhwa.
Umehluko phakathi kokuvinjelwa kweqhwa nokuvinjelwa okungcolile: ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ukuvinjelwa kweqhwa kungaqhubeka nokupholisa, kwakha ukuphindaphinda kokuvulwa isikhashana, ukuvimba isikhashana, ukuvula futhi ngemva kokuvinjelwa, nokuvimba futhi ngemva kokuvulwa. Ngemva kokuba ibhloko engcolile ivele, ayikwazi ukufakwa efrijini.
Ngaphezu kwama-capillary angcolile, uma kukhona ukungcola okuningi ohlelweni, isihlungi esomile sizovinjwa kancane kancane. Ngenxa yokuthi amandla esihlungi ngokwaso okususa ukungcola nokungcola alinganiselwe, sizovinjwa ngenxa yokuqongelela okuqhubekayo kokungcola.
Ukwehluleka kokuvala uwoyela kanye nokunye ukwehluleka kokuvimba amapayipi
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokufakwa kwamafutha ohlelweni lokuqandisa ukuthi isilinda se-compressor sigugile kakhulu noma igebe eliphakathi kwe-piston nesilinda likhulu kakhulu.
Uphethiloli okhishwa ku-compressor ukhishwa ungene ku-condenser, bese ungena ku-dry filter kanye ne-refrigerant. Ngenxa ye-viscosity ephezulu yamafutha, uvinjelwa yi-desiccant e-filter. Uma kunamafutha amaningi kakhulu, azovimba ekungeneni kwesihlungi, okubangela ukuthi i-refrigerant ingakwazi ukujikeleza kahle, futhi isiqandisi asipholi.
Isizathu sokuvaleka kwamanye amapayipi yilesi: uma ipayipi lishiselwe, livinjwa yi-solder; noma uma ipayipi lishintshwa, ipayipi elishintshwayo ngokwalo livinjiwe futhi alikatholakali. Ukuvaleka okungenhla kubangelwa yizici zabantu, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukushisela nokufaka esikhundleni ipayipi, kufanele kusetshenziswe futhi kuhlolwe ngokwezidingo, ngeke kubangele ukwehluleka kokuvaleka okwenziwe.
Indlela yokususa ukuvaleka kwesistimu yokuqandisa
1 Ukuxazulula izinkinga zokuvaleka kweqhwa
Ukuvaleka kweqhwa ohlelweni lokuqandisa kubangelwa umswakama omningi ohlelweni, ngakho-ke lonke uhlelo lokuqandisa kumele lomiswe. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokubhekana nalo:
1. Sebenzisa ihhavini yokomisa ukushisa nokomisa ingxenye ngayinye. Susa i-compressor, i-condenser, i-evaporator, i-capillary, kanye nepayipi lokubuyisela umoya ohlelweni lwesiqandisi esiqandisini, bese uzifaka kuhhavini yokomisa ukuze zifudumale futhi zome. Izinga lokushisa ebhokisini lingamahora angu-4. Ngemva kokupholisa ngokwemvelo, vuthela bese womisa nge-nitrogen ngayinye. Faka isihlungi esisha esomile, bese uqhubeka nokuhlanganisa nokushisela, ukuthola ukuvuza kwengcindezi, ukuhlanza nge-vacuum, ukugcwalisa isiqandisi, ukusebenza kokulinga nokuvala. Le ndlela iyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuxazulula ukuvaleka kweqhwa, kodwa isebenza kuphela emnyangweni wewaranti womenzi wesiqandisi. Iminyango yokulungisa ejwayelekile ingasebenzisa izindlela ezifana nokushisa nokukhipha ukuze kuqedwe amaphutha okuvaleka kweqhwa.
2. Sebenzisa ukushisa nokuhlanza kanye nokuhlanza okwesibili ukuze ususe umswakama ezingxenyeni zesistimu yokuqandisa.
2 Ukususwa kwamaphutha okuvinjelwa okungcolile
Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuxazulula inkinga yokuvaleka kwe-capillary engcolile: enye ukusebenzisa i-nitrogen enomfutho ophezulu ehlanganiswe nezinye izindlela zokukhipha i-capillary evalekile. susa. Uma i-capillary ivalekile kakhulu futhi indlela engenhla ingakwazi ukususa iphutha, shintsha i-capillary ukuze ususe iphutha, kanje:
1. Sebenzisa i-nitrogen enomfutho ophezulu ukuze ukhiphe ukungcola ku-capillary: sika ipayipi lenqubo ukuze ukhiphe uketshezi, ushisele i-capillary esihlungini esomile, uxhume i-valve yokulungisa enezindlela ezintathu kupayipi lenqubo ye-compressor, bese uyigcwalisa ngomfutho ophezulu we-0.6-0.8MPa Nitrogen, bese uqondisa i-capillary, uyifudumeze ngelangabi le-carbonization lokushisela igesi, ushise ukungcola ku-tube, bese ushise ukungcola ku-capillary ngaphansi kwesenzo se-nitrogen enomfutho ophezulu. Ngemva kokuba i-capillary ingaphazanyiswa, engeza i-100 ml ye-carbon tetrachloride yokuhlanza igesi. I-condenser ingahlanzwa nge-carbon tetrachloride kudivayisi yokuhlanza ipayipi. Bese ushintsha isihlungi esomile, bese ugcwalisa nge-nitrogen ukuze uthole ukuvuza, uvale i-vacuum, bese ekugcineni ugcwalisa nge-refrigerant.
2. Buyisela i-capillary: Uma ukungcola okuku-capillary kungenakukwazi ukuhlanzwa ngale ndlela engenhla, ungafaka i-capillary endaweni yayo kanye ne-tube enengcindezi ephansi. Okokuqala susa i-tube enengcindezi ephansi kanye ne-capillary endaweni yethusi-aluminium ehlangene ye-evaporator ngokushisela ngegesi. Ngesikhathi sokuqhaqha nokushisela, i-tuber-aluminium joint kufanele isongwe ngentambo emanzi kakotini ukuvimbela i-aluminium tube ukuthi ingashi lapho izinga lokushisa liphezulu.
Uma ushintsha ithubhu le-capillary, izinga lokugeleza kufanele lilinganiswe. Indawo yokukhipha ithubhu le-capillary akufanele ixhunywe endaweni yokungena ye-evaporator. Faka i-trim valve kanye ne-pressure gauge endaweni yokungena neyokuphuma ye-compressor. Uma ingcindezi yangaphandle yomoya ilingana, ingcindezi yokubonisa ye-high pressure gauge kufanele izinzile ku-1 ~ 1.2MPa. Uma ingcindezi idlula, kusho ukuthi izinga lokugeleza lincane kakhulu, futhi ingxenye ye-capillary inganqunywa kuze kube yilapho ingcindezi ifanele. Uma ingcindezi iphansi kakhulu, kusho ukuthi izinga lokugeleza likhulu kakhulu. Ungayisonga i-capillary izikhathi eziningana ukuze wandise ukumelana kwe-capillary, noma ushintshe i-capillary. Ngemva kokuthi ingcindezi ifanele, hlanganisa i-capillary ne-inlet pipe ye-evaporator.
Uma ufaka i-capillary entsha, ubude obufakwe esihlanganisini sethusi ne-aluminium kufanele bube cishe ama-4 kuya ku-5 cm ukugwema ukuvaleka kokushisela. Uma i-capillary ishiselwe kusihlungi esomile, ubude bokufaka kufanele bube ama-2.5 cm. Uma i-capillary ifakwa kakhulu kusihlungi esomile futhi iseduze kakhulu nesikrini sesihlungi, izinhlayiya ezincane zesihlungi sama-molecule zizongena ku-capillary futhi ziyivimbe. Uma i-capillary ifakwa kancane kakhulu, ukungcola kanye nezinhlayiya zesihlungi sama-molecule ngesikhathi sokushisela zizongena ku-capillary futhi zivimbele ngqo isiteshi se-capillary. Ngakho-ke ama-capillary afakwa kusihlungi hhayi kakhulu noma kancane kakhulu. Okuningi kakhulu noma okuncane kakhulu kudala ingozi yokuvaleka. Isithombe 6-11 sibonisa indawo yokuxhuma ye-capillary kanye nokomisa isihlungi.
3 Ukuxazulula izinkinga zokuxhuma uwoyela
Ukwehluleka kokufaka uwoyela kubonisa ukuthi kusele uwoyela womshini wokuqandisa omningi kakhulu ohlelweni lokuqandisa, okuthinta umphumela wokupholisa noma ngisho nokwehluleka ukuqandisa. Ngakho-ke, uwoyela womshini wokuqandisa ohlelweni kumele uhlanzwe.
Uma uwoyela wokuhlunga uvaliwe, kufanele kufakwe isihlungi esisha, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, kusetshenziswe i-nitrogen enomfutho ophezulu ukuze kuqhunyiswe ingxenye yamafutha omshini wokuqandisa aqoqwe ku-condenser, bese kusetshenziswa umshini wokomisa izinwele ukuze kufudunyezwe i-condenser lapho kufakwa i-nitrogen.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-06-2023
