Kunezinhlelo ezintathu zokusatshalaliswa kwamayunithi eziqandisini zezimboni, futhi izinkinga zesikali zivame ukwenzeka ezinhlelweni ezihlukene zokujikeleza, njengohlelo lokujikeleza kwesiqandisi, uhlelo lokujikeleza kwamanzi, kanye nohlelo lokulawula lokujikeleza ngogesi. Izindlela ezihlukene zokujikeleza zidinga ukubambisana okuthulile ukuze kuzuzwe umgomo wokusebenza ozinzile.
Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukugcina isistimu ngayinye ngaphakathi kwebanga elijwayelekile lokusebenza. Nakuba ukusebenza kwemishini ehlukahlukene yeziqandisi zezimboni ezikhiqizwa ekhaya kuzinzile uma kuqhathaniswa, uma ukunakekelwa okudingekayo nokugcinwa kungenziwa isikhathi eside, nakanjani kuzoholela enanini elikhulu lezinkinga zesikali. Akugcini nje ukuholela ekuvinjweni kwemishini, kodwa futhi kuthinta ukugeleza kwamanzi kwemishini.
Kunomthelela ongathi sína ekusebenzeni kukonke kwamayunithi eziqandisi ezimbonini, futhi kunciphisa ngisho nempilo yonke yamayunithi eziqandisi ezimbonini. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanza isikali ngesikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu kumayunithi esiqandisini sezimboni.
1. Kungani isiqandisi sinesikali?
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zokulinganisa ohlelweni lwamanzi okupholisa usawoti we-calcium nosawoti we-magnesium, futhi ukuncibilika kwawo kuncipha ngokunyuka kwezinga lokushisa; lapho amanzi okupholisa ethintana nendawo yesishintshi sokushisa, enyusa amadiphozithi ebusweni besishintshi sokushisa.
Kunezimo ezine zokungcola kwesiqandisi:
(1) ICrystallization kasawoti esixazululweni esinezingxenye eziningi.
(2) Ukufakwa kwe-organic colloid nama-mineral colloid.
(3) Ukuhlangana kwezinhlayiya eziqinile zezinto ezithile ezinamazinga ahlukene okuhlakazeka.
(4) Ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical yezinto ezithile nokukhiqizwa kwamagciwane, njll. Ukuna kwalezi zingxube kuyisici esiyinhloko sokulinganisa, futhi izimo zokukhiqiza imvula yesigaba esiqinile yilezi: ukunyibilika kukasawoti othile kuncipha ngokwanda kwezinga lokushisa. Okufana ne-Ca(HCO3)2, i-CaCO3, i-Ca(OH)2, i-CaSO4, i-MgCO3, i-Mg(OH)2, njll. Okwesibili, njengoba amanzi ehwamuka, ukugcwala kosawoti oncibilikisiwe emanzini kuyanda, kufinyelele izinga lokugcwala ngokweqile. . Ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kwenzeka emanzini ashisayo, noma ama-ion athile enza amanye ama-ion kasawoti angancibiliki.
Ngosawoti othile ohlangabezana nalezi zimo ezingenhla, ama-buds okuqala afakwa kuqala endaweni yensimbi, bese kancane kancane abe yizinhlayiya. Ine-amorphous noma i-latent crystal structure futhi ihlanganisa ukwenza amakristalu noma amaqoqo. Usawoti we-bicarbonate uyisici esiyinhloko esibangela ukukala emanzini apholisayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-calcium carbonate enzima ilahlekelwa ibhalansi ngesikhathi sokushisa futhi ibole ibe yi-calcium carbonate, i-carbon dioxide namanzi. I-calcium carbonate, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayincibiliki kancane futhi ngaleyo ndlela ifakwa endaweni yokupholisa. Khona manje:
I-Ca(HCO3)2=CaCO3↓+H2O+CO2↑.
Ukwakheka kwesikali ebusweni bomshini wokushisa kuzogqwala okokusebenza futhi kufinyeze impilo yesevisi yemishini; okwesibili, kuzovimbela ukudluliswa kokushisa komshini wokushisa futhi kunciphise ukusebenza kahle.
2. Ukususwa kwesikali esiqandisini
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezindlela zokwehlisa izinga
Izindlela zokususa isikali endaweni yezishintshisi zokushisa zifaka ukuncishiswa kwezandla, ukwehla ngomshini, ukwehlisa amakhemikhali kanye nokwehliswa kwesikali ngokomzimba.
Ngezindlela ezahlukene zokwehlisa. Izindlela zokwehlisa umzimba nezindlela zokulwa nokukala zilungile, kodwa ngenxa yesimiso sokusebenza sezinsimbi ezijwayelekile zokuhlehlisa ze-elekthronikhi, kukhona nezimo lapho umphumela ungalungile, njenge:
(1). Ukuqina kwamanzi kuyahlukahluka ezindaweni ngezindawo.
(2). Ubulukhuni bamanzi beyunithi buyashintsha ngesikhathi sokusebenza, futhi ithuluzi le-elekthronikhi yokwehlisa imvula elula lingakha icebo lokwehlisa elifaneleka kakhulu ngokuya ngamasampula amanzi athunyelwe ngumkhiqizi, ukuze ukwehlisa ngeke kusakhathazeka ngamanye amathonya;
(3). Uma u-opharetha eshaya indiva umsebenzi we-blowdown, ingaphezulu lesishintshi sokushisa lisazokalwa.
Indlela yokwehlisa amakhemikhali ingacatshangelwa kuphela lapho umphumela wokudlulisa ukushisa kweyunithi umpofu futhi ukukala kubi kakhulu, kodwa kuzothinta imishini, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuvimbela ukulimala kongqimba lwama-galvanized futhi kuthinte impilo yesevisi yemishini. .
2. Indlela yokususa udaka
Udaka lwakhiwe kakhulu ngamaqembu amagciwane afana namagciwane kanye nolwelwe oluncibilika futhi luphindaphindeke emanzini, luxutshwe nodaka, isihlabathi, uthuli, njll. ukwenza udaka oluthambile. Idala ukugqwala emapayipini, inciphisa ukusebenza kahle futhi ikhulise ukumelana nokugeleza, inciphise ukugeleza kwamanzi. Ziningi izindlela zokubhekana nakho. Ungakwazi ukwengeza i-coagulant ukuze wenze udaba olumisiwe emanzini ajikelezayo lube yizimbali ze-alum ezixekethile futhi uhlale phansi kwe-sump, engasuswa ngokukhipha indle; ungakwazi ukwengeza i-dispersant ukwenza izinhlayiya ezimisiwe zihlakazeke emanzini ngaphandle kokucwila; Ukwakheka kwe-sludge kungacindezelwa ngokungeza ukuhlungwa okuseceleni noma ngokungeza ezinye izidakamizwa ukuvimbela noma ukubulala ama-microorganisms.
3. Indlela yokwehlisa ukugqwala
Ukugqwala kubangelwa ikakhulukazi udaka kanye nemikhiqizo yokugqwala enamathela phezu kweshubhu lokudlulisa ukushisa ukuze kwakhe ibhethri lokugxilisa umoya komoyampilo futhi ukugqwala kwenzeka. Ngenxa yokuqhubeka kokugqwala, ukulimala kweshubhu lokudlulisa ukushisa kuzodala ukwehluleka okukhulu kweyunithi, futhi amandla okupholisa azokwehla. Iyunithi ingase ichithwe, okubangele abasebenzisi ukuthi babhekane nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezomnotho. Eqinisweni, ekusebenzeni kweyunithi, inqobo nje uma izinga lamanzi lilawulwa ngokuphumelelayo, ukuphathwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi kuyaqiniswa, futhi ukwakheka kokungcola kuvinjelwe, umthelela wokugqwala ohlelweni lwamanzi lweyunithi ungalawulwa kahle. .
Lapho ukukhuphuka kwesikali kwenza kungenzeki ukusebenzisa izindlela ezijwayelekile zokubhekana nakho, okokusebenza okungokomzimba kokwehlisa izinga kungafakwa ukuze kusetshenziswe imisebenzi yokulwa nokwehlisa isikali, njengemishini yokwehlisa i-elekthronikhi, i-magnetic vibration ultrasonic descaling equipment, njll.
Ngemuva kwesilinganiso, uthuli kanye ne-algae kunamathiselwe, ukusebenza kokudlulisa ukushisa kwethubhu yokudlulisa ukushisa kwehla kakhulu, okunciphisa ukusebenza okuphelele kweyunithi.
Ukuze uvimbele ukukala kanye nokuqandisa kwamanzi efrijini ku-evaporator ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlelo zamanzi eziqandisini: umjikelezo ovulekile nomjikelezo ovaliwe. Ngokuvamile sisebenzisa umjikelezo ovaliwe. Ngenxa yokuthi isifunda esivaliwe, ukuhwamuka nokugxila ngeke kwenzeke. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umkhathi I-sediment, uthuli, njll emanzini ngeke ihlanganiswe emanzini, futhi ukukala kwamanzi ayisiqandisi kuncane kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kucatshangelwa ukuqandisa kwamanzi abandayo. Amanzi aku-evaporator aba yiqhwa ngenxa yokuthi ukushisa okuthathwa yisiqandisi lapho kuhwamuka ku-evaporator kukhulu kunokushisa okunganikezwa amanzi ayisiqandisi ageleza nge-evaporator, ukuze izinga lokushisa lamanzi ayisiqandisi lehle ngaphansi kwendawo eyiqhwa futhi amanzi abe yiqhwa. Ama-opharetha kufanele anake amaphuzu alandelayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza:
1. Ukuthi ingabe izinga lokugeleza elingena ku-evaporator liyahambisana nezinga lokugeleza elilinganiselwe lenjini eyinhloko, ikakhulukazi uma amayunithi esiqandisi amaningi esetshenziswa ngokufanayo, noma ngabe umthamo wamanzi ongena kuyunithi ngayinye awulingani, noma umthamo wamanzi weyunithi kanye iphampu isebenza ngamunye ngamunye. Isenzo seqembu lomshini shunt. Njengamanje, abakhiqizi bama-bromine chiller ikakhulukazi basebenzisa amaswishi okugeleza kwamanzi ukuze bahlulele ukuthi kukhona yini ukungena kwamanzi. Ukukhethwa kokushintsha kokugeleza kwamanzi kufanele kuhambisane nezinga lokugeleza elilinganiselwe. Amayunithi anemibandela angahlonyiswa ngamavalvu ebhalansi okugeleza aguqukayo.
2. Umsingathi we-bromine chiller ufakwe isiqandisi isisetshenziswa sokuvikela izinga lokushisa eliphansi lamanzi. Lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi esiqandisini lingaphansi kuka +4 ° C, umsingathi uzoyeka ukusebenza. Lapho u-opharetha egijima okokuqala ehlobo minyaka yonke, kufanele ahlole ukuthi ukuvikelwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi kwamanzi asefrijini kuyasebenza nokuthi izinga lokushisa lokusetha linembile yini.
3. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-bromine chiller air-conditioning system, uma iphampu yamanzi ngokuzumayo iyeka ukusebenza, injini eyinhloko kufanele imiswe ngokushesha. Uma izinga lokushisa lamanzi ku-evaporator lisalokhu lehla ngokushesha, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo, njengokuvala i-valve yokukhipha amanzi efrijini ye-evaporator, ukuvula i-valve yokukhipha i-evaporator ngendlela efanele, ukuze amanzi aku-evaporator akwazi ukugeleza futhi avimbele amanzi. kusukela emakhazeni.
4. Uma iyunithi ye-bromine chiller iyeka ukusebenza, kufanele yenziwe ngokuvumelana nezinqubo zokusebenza. Qala umise injini eyinhloko, ulinde imizuzu engaphezu kweshumi, bese umisa iphampu yamanzi efrijini.
5. Ukushintsha kokugeleza kwamanzi kuyunithi yesiqandisi kanye nokuvikelwa okuphansi kwezinga lokushisa lamanzi esiqandisini akukwazi ukususwa ngokuthanda.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-09-2023
