Kunezinhlelo ezintathu zokujikeleza kwegazi kumayunithi okuqandisa ezimboni, futhi izinkinga zesikali zivame ukwenzeka ezinhlelweni ezahlukene zokujikeleza kwegazi, njengohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi oluqandisiwe, uhlelo lokujikeleza kwamanzi, kanye nohlelo lokujikeleza kwegazi olulawulwa ngogesi. Izinhlelo ezahlukene zokujikeleza kwegazi zidinga ukubambisana okuthule ukuze kufezwe umgomo womsebenzi ozinzile.
Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukugcina uhlelo ngalunye lungaphakathi kwebanga elijwayelekile lokusebenza. Nakuba ukusebenza kwemishini ehlukahlukene yokuqandisa yezimboni ekhiqizwe ekhaya kuzinzile, uma ukulungiswa nokugcinwa okudingekayo kungenziwa isikhathi eside, kuzoholela ezinkingeni eziningi zesikali. Akugcini nje ngokuholela ekuvinjweni kwemishini, kodwa futhi kuthinta nokugeleza kwamanzi kwemishini.
Kunomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kahle kwamayunithi okuqandisa ezimbonini, futhi kufinyeza ngisho nokuphila okuphelele kwamayunithi okuqandisa ezimbonini. Ngakho-ke, isikali sokuhlanza ngesikhathi sibaluleke kakhulu kumayunithi okuqandisa ezimbonini.
1. Kungani isiqandisi sinesilinganiso?
Izingxenye eziyinhloko zokukala ohlelweni lwamanzi okupholisa usawoti we-calcium kanye nosawoti we-magnesium, futhi ukuncibilika kwawo kwehla ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa; lapho amanzi okupholisa ethinta ubuso be-heat exchanger, ama-scaling deposits ebusweni be-heat exchanger.
Kunezimo ezine zokungcola kwesiqandisi:
(1) Ukwakheka kwamakristalu kasawoti esixazululweni esigcwaliswe kakhulu esinezingxenye eziningi.
(2) Ukufakwa kwama-colloid e-organic kanye nama-colloid amaminerali.
(3) Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlayiya eziqinile zezinto ezithile ezinamazinga ahlukene okuhlakazeka.
(4) Ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical kwezinto ezithile kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamagciwane, njll. Ukuwa kwalezi zingxube kuyisici esiyinhloko sokulinganisa, futhi izimo zokukhiqiza imvula eqinile yilezi: ukuncibilika kosawoti othile kwehla ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa. Njenge-Ca(HCO3)2, i-CaCO3, i-Ca(OH)2, i-CaSO4, i-MgCO3, i-Mg(OH)2, njll. Okwesibili, njengoba amanzi ehwamuka, ukugcwala kosawoti oncibilikisiwe emanzini kuyanda, kufinyelela ezingeni lokugcwala okuphezulu. Kwenzeka ukusabela kwamakhemikhali emanzini afudumele, noma ama-ion athile akha amanye ama-ion kasawoti angancibiliki.
Kuma-salts athile ahlangabezana nezimo ezingenhla, amahlumela okuqala aqala abekwe phezu kwensimbi, bese kancane kancane aba yizinhlayiya. Inesakhiwo sekristalu esingabonakali noma esicashile futhi ihlangana ukuze yakhe amakristalu noma amaqoqo. Ama-salts e-bicarbonate ayisici esiyinhloko esibangela ukukhuhla emanzini apholile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-calcium carbonate esindayo ilahlekelwa ibhalansi ngesikhathi sokushisa futhi ibola ibe yi-calcium carbonate, i-carbon dioxide namanzi. I-calcium carbonate, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayincibiliki kakhulu ngakho-ke ifakwa ezindaweni zemishini yokupholisa. Njengamanje:
I-Ca(HCO3)2=CaCO3↓+H2O+CO2↑.
Ukwakheka kwesikali ebusweni be-heat exchanger kuzokonakalisa imishini futhi kufinyeze impilo yesevisi yemishini; okwesibili, kuzophazamisa ukudluliselwa kokushisa kwe-heat exchanger futhi kunciphise ukusebenza kahle.
2. Ukususwa kwesikali esiqandisini
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezindlela zokususa usayizi
Izindlela zokususa isikali ebusweni bezinto zokushintshanisa ukushisa zifaka phakathi ukususa isikali ngesandla, ukususa isikali ngomshini, ukususa isikali ngamakhemikhali kanye nokususa isikali ngokomzimba.
Ezindleleni ezahlukene zokususa ama-scaling. Izindlela zokususa ama-scaling ngokomzimba kanye nezindlela zokulwa nokususa ama-scaling zilungile, kodwa ngenxa yesimiso sokusebenza sezinsimbi ezivamile zokususa ama-scaling kagesi, kunezimo lapho umphumela ungalungile khona, njengalokhu:
(1). Ubulukhuni bamanzi buyahlukahluka kuye ngezindawo.
(2). Ubulukhuni bamanzi beyunithi buyashintsha ngesikhathi sokusebenza, futhi ithuluzi lokususa ama-scaling elekthronikhi lemvula encane lingakha uhlelo lokususa ama-scaling olufanele kakhulu ngokwezibonelo zamanzi ezithunyelwe ngumkhiqizi, ukuze ukususa ama-scaling kungasakhathazeki ngezinye ithonya;
(3). Uma umqhubi engayinaki imisebenzi yokubhoboza, ubuso be-heat exchanger buzoqhubeka nokulinganiswa.
Indlela yokususa amakhemikhali ingacatshangelwa kuphela uma umphumela wokudlulisa ukushisa kweyunithi ungemuhle futhi ukukala kukhulu, kodwa kuzothinta imishini, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuvimbela umonakalo kungqimba oluhlanganisiwe futhi kuthinte impilo yokusebenza kwemishini.
2. Indlela yokususa udaka
I-sludge yakhiwe kakhulu ngamaqembu amancane anjengebhaktheriya kanye ne-algae ancibilika futhi azalane emanzini, axutshwe nodaka, isihlabathi, uthuli, njll. ukuze akhe i-sludge ethambile. Ibangela ukugqwala emapayipini, inciphise ukusebenza kahle futhi yandise ukumelana nokugeleza, inciphise ukugeleza kwamanzi. Kunezindlela eziningi zokubhekana nayo. Ungangeza i-coagulant ukuze wenze into elenga emanzini ajikelezayo ihlangane ibe yizimbali ze-alum ezikhululekile bese ihlala phansi kwe-sump, engasuswa ngokukhishwa kwendle; ungangeza i-dispersant ukuze wenze izinhlayiya ezilengayo zihlakazeke emanzini ngaphandle kokucwila; Ukwakheka kwe-sludge kungacindezelwa ngokungeza ukuhlunga eceleni noma ngokungeza eminye imithi yokuvimbela noma ukubulala amagciwane.
3. Indlela yokususa ukugqwala
Ukugqwala kubangelwa kakhulu yimikhiqizo yodaka kanye nokugqwala enamathela ebusweni beshubhu lokudlulisa ukushisa ukuze kwakheke ibhethri lokuhlushwa komoya-mpilo bese kwenzeka ukugqwala. Ngenxa yokuqhubeka kokugqwala, umonakalo weshubhu lokudlulisa ukushisa uzobangela ukwehluleka okukhulu kweyunithi, futhi amandla okupholisa azokwehla. Iyunithi ingase ilahlwe, okubangela abasebenzisi ukuthi babhekane nokulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezomnotho. Eqinisweni, ekusebenzeni kweyunithi, inqobo nje uma ikhwalithi yamanzi ilawulwa ngempumelelo, ukuphathwa kwekhwalithi yamanzi kuyaqiniswa, futhi ukwakheka kokungcola kuvinjelwe, umthelela wokugqwala ohlelweni lwamanzi lweyunithi ungalawulwa kahle.
Uma ukwanda kwesikali kwenza kube nzima ukusebenzisa izindlela ezijwayelekile ukubhekana nakho, imishini yokususa izikali ebonakalayo ingafakwa ukuze kusetshenziswe imisebenzi yokulwa nokususa izikali kanye nokususa izikali, njengemishini yokususa izikali kagesi, imishini yokususa izikali ye-magnetic vibration ultrasonic, njll.
Ngemva kokuba isikali, uthuli kanye nolwelwe kunamathiselwe, ukusebenza kokudlulisa ukushisa kwepayipi lokudlulisa ukushisa kwehla kakhulu, okunciphisa ukusebenza okuphelele kweyunithi.
Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukala nokuqandisa kwamanzi esiqandisini ku-evaporator ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlelo zamanzi esiqandisini: umjikelezo ovulekile nomjikelezo ovaliwe. Ngokuvamile sisebenzisa umjikelezo ovaliwe. Ngenxa yokuthi uyisekethe evaliwe, ukuhwamuka nokuhlushwa ngeke kwenzeke. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umkhathi Inhlabathi, uthuli, njll. emanzini ngeke kuhlanganiswe emanzini, futhi ukukala kwamanzi esiqandisini kuncane kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa ukuqandisa kwamanzi esiqandisini. Amanzi esiqandisini ayaqandisa ngoba ukushisa okususwa yi-refrigerant lapho iqandisa ku-evaporator kukhulu kunokushisa okunganikezwa ngamanzi esiqandisini ageleza ku-evaporator, ukuze izinga lokushisa lamanzi esiqandisini lehle ngaphansi kwendawo yokuqandisa futhi amanzi aqande. Abasebenzi kufanele banake amaphuzu alandelayo ngesikhathi sokusebenza:
1. Ukuthi izinga lokugeleza elingena ku-evaporator lihambisana nezinga lokugeleza elilinganiselwe lenjini eyinhloko, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa amayunithi amaningi okuqandisa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuthi ivolumu yamanzi engena kuyunithi ngayinye ayilingani, noma ukuthi ivolumu yamanzi yeyunithi kanye nephampu isebenza ngomuntu ngamunye. Isenzakalo seqembu lomshini. Njengamanje, abakhiqizi bama-bromine chillers basebenzisa kakhulu amaswishi okugeleza kwamanzi ukuze bahlulele ukuthi kukhona yini ukungena kwamanzi. Ukukhethwa kwamaswishi okugeleza kwamanzi kumele kufane nezinga lokugeleza elilinganiselwe. Amayunithi anemibandela angafakelwa ama-valve okulinganisela ukugeleza aguquguqukayo.
2. Isikhungo se-bromine chiller sifakwe idivayisi yokuvikela amazinga okushisa aphansi emanzini abandayo. Uma izinga lokushisa lamanzi abandayo liphansi kuno-+4°C, isikhungo sizoyeka ukusebenza. Uma umqhubi egijima okokuqala ehlobo minyaka yonke, kumele ahlole ukuthi izinga lokushisa eliphansi lamanzi abandayo liyasebenza yini nokuthi inani lokusetha izinga lokushisa linembile yini.
3. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kohlelo lokupholisa umoya lwe-bromine chiller, uma ipompo yamanzi iyeka ukusebenza ngokuzumayo, injini eyinhloko kufanele imiswe ngokushesha. Uma izinga lokushisa lamanzi ku-evaporator lisalokhu lehla ngokushesha, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo, njengokuvala ivalvu yokuphuma kwamanzi efrijini ye-evaporator, ukuvula ivalvu yokukhipha amanzi ye-evaporator kahle, ukuze amanzi aku-evaporator akwazi ukugeleza futhi avimbele amanzi ukuba aqine.
4. Uma iyunithi ye-bromine chiller iyeka ukusebenza, kufanele yenziwe ngokwezinqubo zokusebenza. Qala ngokumisa injini eyinhloko, linda imizuzu engaphezu kweyishumi, bese umisa iphampu yamanzi efrijini.
5. Iswishi yokugeleza kwamanzi eyunithi yokuqandisa kanye nokuvikelwa kokushisa okuphansi kwamanzi okuqandisa akukwazi ukususwa ngokuthanda.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-09-2023
