Izinhlelo zokuqandisa zisebenzisa ama-refrigerant njengoketshezi olusebenzayo, kanti ama-refrigerant ngokuvamile anezinhlobo ezimbili: uketshezi kanye negesi. Namuhla sizokhuluma ngolwazi olufanele mayelana nama-refrigerant oketshezi.
1. Ingabe uketshezi lwesiqandisi noma igesi?
Ama-refrigerant angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu: ama-refrigerant a-single refrigerant, ama-refrigerant axubile angewona a-azeotropic, kanye nama-refrigerant axubile angewona a-azeotropic.
Ukwakheka kwesithako esisodwa esisebenzayo esiqandisini ngeke kushintshe kungakhathaliseki ukuthi siyigesi noma siwuketshezi, ngakho-ke isimo segesi singashajwa uma kushajwa isithako esiqandisini.
Nakuba ukwakheka kwe-azeotropic refrigerant kuhlukile, ngoba iphuzu lokubila liyafana, ukwakheka kwegesi noketshezi nakho kuyafana, ngakho igesi ingashajwa;
Ngenxa yamaphuzu ahlukene okubila ama-refrigerant angewona ama-azeotropic, ama-refrigerant aketshezi kanye nama-refrigerant agesi empeleni ahlukile ngokwakheka kwawo. Uma ama-refrigerant agesi engezwa ngalesi sikhathi, ukwakheka kwama-refrigerant engeziwe kuzohluka. Isibonelo, kufakwa i-refrigerant ethile yegesi kuphela. I-Refrigerant, ngakho-ke uketshezi kuphela olungangezwa.
Okusho ukuthi, ama-refrigerant angewona awe-azeotropic kumele afakwe kanye noketshezi, kanti ama-refrigerant angewona awe-azeotropic aqala ngo-R4. Lolu hlobo loketshezi luyafakwa. Ama-refrigerant avamile angewona awe-azeotropic yilawa: R40, R401A, R403B, R404A, R406A , R407A, R407B, R407C, R408A, R409A, R410A, R41A.
Ngokuphathelene nezinye izinto ezivamile zokuqandisa, njenge: R134a, R22, R23, R290, R32, R500, R600a, ukwakheka kwesiqandisi ngeke kuthinteke ngokufakwa kwegesi noma uketshezi, ngakho-ke kulula.
Uma sifaka i-refrigerant, kufanele sinake okulandelayo:
(1) Bheka amabhamuza engilazini yokubona;
(2) Kala umfutho ophezulu nophansi;
(3) Kala umsinga we-compressor;
(4) Kala umjovo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuqashelwe futhi kugcizelelwe ukuthi:
Ama-refrigerant angewona awe-azeotropic kumele engezwe esimweni soketshezi. Isibonelo, i-refrigerant ye-R410A, ukwakheka kwayo kungokulandelayo:
R32 (i-difluoromethane): 50%;
R125 (i-pentafluoroethane): 50%;
Ngenxa yokuthi amaphuzu okubila e-R32 kanye ne-R125 ahlukile, uma isilinda esiqandisini se-R410A sishiywa simile, iphuzu lokubila le-R32 kanye ne-R125 lihlukile, okuzoholela ekuqandisini kwegesi okuphefumulayo engxenyeni engenhla yesilinda esiqandisini, futhi ukwakheka akusikho u-50% R32+ 50% R125, ngoba iphuzu lokubila le-R32 liphansi, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ingxenye engenhla yesiqandisini iyinxenye ye-R32.
Ngakho-ke, uma kufakwa isiqandisi esinegesi, isiqandisi esingeziwe akuyona i-R410A, kodwa yi-R32.
Okwesibili, izinkinga ezivamile zama-refrigerant aketshezi
1. Ukufuduka kwe-liquid refrigerant
Ukufuduka kwe-refrigerant kubhekisela ekuqongeleleni kwe-refrigerant ewuketshezi ku-crankcase ye-compressor lapho i-compressor ivaliwe. Uma nje izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwe-compressor lipholile kunezinga lokushisa elingaphakathi kwe-evaporator, umehluko wokucindezela phakathi kwe-compressor ne-evaporator uzoqhuba i-refrigerant endaweni epholile. Lesi simo kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi senzeke ebusika obubandayo. Kodwa-ke, kuma-air conditioner namaphampu okushisa, lapho iyunithi yokuncibilikisa ikude ne-compressor, ukufuduka kungenzeka noma ngabe izinga lokushisa liphezulu.
Uma uhlelo seluvaliwe, uma lungavulwa zingakapheli amahora ambalwa, noma ngabe akukho mehluko wengcindezi, isenzakalo sokufuduka singase senzeke ngenxa yokukhanga kwe-refrigerant ese-crankcase ku-refrigerant.
Uma i-refrigerant ewuketshezi eningi ingena e-crankcase ye-compressor, kuzovela isenzakalo esibi kakhulu se-liquid slam lapho i-compressor iqalwa, okuholela ekuhlulekeni okuhlukahlukene kwe-compressor, njengokuqhekeka kwe-valve plate, ukulimala kwe-piston, ukwehluleka kwama-bearing kanye nokuguguleka kwama-bearing (I-refrigerant ikhipha uwoyela kuma-bearing).
2. Ukuchichima kwesiqandisi soketshezi
Uma i-valve yokwandisa ihluleka, noma ifeni ye-evaporator ihluleka noma ivinjwe yisihlungi somoya, i-liquid refrigerant izogcwala ku-evaporator bese ingena ku-compressor ngepayipi lokumunca ngendlela yoketshezi esikhundleni somusi. Lapho iyunithi isebenza, ngenxa yokugcwala koketshezi okunciphisa uwoyela wokuqandisa, izingxenye ezihambayo ze-compressor ziyaguga, futhi umfutho kawoyela uyancipha, okubangela ukuthi idivayisi yokuphepha yomfutho kawoyela isebenze, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ukuthi i-crankcase ilahlekelwe uwoyela. Kulokhu, uma umshini uvaliwe, isimo sokufuduka kwe-refrigerant sizokwenzeka ngokushesha, okuholela ekutheni i-liquid hammer iqale kabusha.
3. Ukushaya koketshezi
Uma kwenzeka isando soketshezi, umsindo wokushayisa insimbi ovela ngaphakathi kwe-compressor ungezwakala, futhi ungase uhambisane nokudlidliza okunamandla kwe-compressor. I-liquid slam ingabangela ukuqhekeka kwe-valve, umonakalo we-compressor head gasket, ukuphuka kwenduku yokuxhuma, ukuphuka kwe-crankshaft, kanye nomonakalo kwezinye izinhlobo zama-compressor. I-liquid hammer yenzeka lapho i-liquid refrigerant ingena kwi-crankcase bese iqala kabusha. Kwamanye amayunithi, ngenxa yesakhiwo sepayipi noma indawo yezingxenye, i-liquid refrigerant izoqongelela epayipini lokumunca noma evaporator ngesikhathi sokuvala kweyunithi bese ingena kwi-compressor njengoketshezi oluhlanzekile nangesivinini esikhulu kakhulu lapho iyunithi ivuliwe. . Ijubane kanye ne-inertia ye-liquid slam kwanele ukunqoba noma yikuphi ukuvikelwa kwe-compressor eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ngokumelene ne-liquid slam.
4. Isenzo sedivayisi yokulawula ukuphepha kwe-hydraulic
Kusethi yamayunithi okushisa aphansi, ngemva kwesikhathi sokuncibilika, idivayisi yokulawula ukuphepha kwengcindezi kawoyela ivame ukubangelwa ukusebenza ngenxa yokugcwala kwe-refrigerant ewuketshezi. Izinhlelo eziningi zenzelwe ukuvumela i-refrigerant ukuthi iqine ku-evaporator kanye nomugqa wokumunca ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, bese igeleza ingene ku-crankcase ye-compressor ekuqaleni okubangela ukwehla kwengcindezi kawoyela, okubangela ukuthi idivayisi yokuphepha kwengcindezi kawoyela isebenze.
Ngezinye izikhathi isenzo esisodwa noma ezimbili zedivayisi yokulawula ukuphepha kokucindezela uwoyela ngeke zibe nomthelela omkhulu ku-compressor, kodwa ukuphindaphinda kaningi ngaphandle kwezimo ezinhle zokugcoba kuzokwenza i-compressor yehluleke. Idivayisi yokulawula ukuphepha kokucindezela uwoyela ivame ukubhekwa njengephutha elincane ngumsebenzisi, kodwa kuyisixwayiso sokuthi i-compressor ibilokhu isebenza imizuzu engaphezu kwemibili ngaphandle kokugcoba, futhi izinyathelo zokulungisa zidinga ukuqaliswa ngesikhathi.
3. Izixazululo zenkinga yeziqandisi eziwuketshezi
I-compressor eklanywe kahle, esebenza kahle yokuqandisa, umoya opholile, kanye namaphampu okushisa empeleni iyiphampu yomphunga engaphatha kuphela inani elithile le-refrigerant ewuketshezi kanye namafutha okupholisa. Ukuze kuklanywe i-compressor engaphatha ama-refrigerant ewuketshezi kanye namafutha okupholisa, inhlanganisela yobukhulu, isisindo, amandla okupholisa, ukusebenza kahle, umsindo kanye nezindleko kumele icatshangelwe. Ngaphandle kwezici zokuklama, inani le-refrigerant ewuketshezi i-compressor engaphatha lizinzile, futhi amandla ayo okuphatha ancike kulezi zici ezilandelayo: ivolumu ye-crankcase, ishaja kawoyela obandayo, uhlobo lwesistimu kanye nezilawuli, kanye nezimo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile.
Uma ishaja yesiqandisi ikhuphuka, izokwandisa ingozi engaba khona ye-compressor. Izizathu zomonakalo ngokuvamile zingabangelwa amaphuzu alandelayo:
(1) Izindleko ezidlulele zesiqandisi.
(2) I-evaporator iqandisiwe.
(3) Isihlungi se-evaporator singcolile futhi sivinjiwe.
(4) Ifeni noma injini yefeni ephumayo iyahluleka.
(5) Ukukhetha okungalungile kwe-capillary.
(6) Ukukhethwa noma ukulungiswa kwevalvu yokunweba akulungile.
(7) Ukufuduka kwefriji.
1. Ukufuduka kwe-liquid refrigerant
Ukufuduka kwe-refrigerant kubhekisela ekuqongeleleni kwe-refrigerant ewuketshezi ku-crankcase ye-compressor lapho i-compressor ivaliwe. Uma nje izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwe-compressor lipholile kunezinga lokushisa elingaphakathi kwe-evaporator, umehluko wokucindezela phakathi kwe-compressor ne-evaporator uzoqhuba i-refrigerant endaweni epholile. Lesi simo kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi senzeke ebusika obubandayo. Kodwa-ke, kuma-air conditioner namaphampu okushisa, lapho iyunithi yokuncibilikisa ikude ne-compressor, ukufuduka kungenzeka noma ngabe izinga lokushisa liphezulu.
Uma uhlelo seluvaliwe, uma lungavulwa zingakapheli amahora ambalwa, noma ngabe akukho mehluko wengcindezi, isenzakalo sokufuduka singase senzeke ngenxa yokukhanga kwe-refrigerant ese-crankcase ku-refrigerant.
Uma i-refrigerant ewuketshezi eningi ingena e-crankcase ye-compressor, kuzovela isenzakalo esibi kakhulu se-liquid slam lapho i-compressor iqalwa, okuholela ekuhlulekeni okuhlukahlukene kwe-compressor, njengokuqhekeka kwe-valve plate, ukulimala kwe-piston, ukwehluleka kwama-bearing kanye nokuguguleka kwama-bearing (I-refrigerant ikhipha uwoyela kuma-bearing).
2. Ukuchichima kwesiqandisi soketshezi
Uma i-valve yokwandisa ihluleka, noma ifeni ye-evaporator ihluleka noma ivinjwe yisihlungi somoya, i-liquid refrigerant izogcwala ku-evaporator bese ingena ku-compressor ngepayipi lokumunca ngendlela yoketshezi esikhundleni somusi. Lapho iyunithi isebenza, ngenxa yokugcwala koketshezi okunciphisa uwoyela wokuqandisa, izingxenye ezihambayo ze-compressor ziyaguga, futhi umfutho kawoyela uyancipha, okubangela ukuthi idivayisi yokuphepha yomfutho kawoyela isebenze, ngaleyo ndlela kubangele ukuthi i-crankcase ilahlekelwe uwoyela. Kulokhu, uma umshini uvaliwe, isimo sokufuduka kwe-refrigerant sizokwenzeka ngokushesha, okuholela ekutheni i-liquid hammer iqale kabusha.
3. Ukushaya koketshezi
Uma kwenzeka isando soketshezi, umsindo wokushayisa insimbi ovela ngaphakathi kwe-compressor ungezwakala, futhi ungase uhambisane nokudlidliza okunamandla kwe-compressor. I-liquid slam ingabangela ukuqhekeka kwe-valve, umonakalo we-compressor head gasket, ukuphuka kwenduku yokuxhuma, ukuphuka kwe-crankshaft, kanye nomonakalo kwezinye izinhlobo zama-compressor. I-liquid hammer yenzeka lapho i-liquid refrigerant ingena kwi-crankcase bese iqala kabusha. Kwamanye amayunithi, ngenxa yesakhiwo sepayipi noma indawo yezingxenye, i-liquid refrigerant izoqongelela epayipini lokumunca noma evaporator ngesikhathi sokuvala kweyunithi bese ingena kwi-compressor njengoketshezi oluhlanzekile nangesivinini esikhulu kakhulu lapho iyunithi ivuliwe. . Ijubane kanye ne-inertia ye-liquid slam kwanele ukunqoba noma yikuphi ukuvikelwa kwe-compressor eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ngokumelene ne-liquid slam.
4. Isenzo sedivayisi yokulawula ukuphepha kwe-hydraulic
Kusethi yamayunithi okushisa aphansi, ngemva kwesikhathi sokuncibilika, idivayisi yokulawula ukuphepha kwengcindezi kawoyela ivame ukubangelwa ukusebenza ngenxa yokugcwala kwe-refrigerant ewuketshezi. Izinhlelo eziningi zenzelwe ukuvumela i-refrigerant ukuthi iqine ku-evaporator kanye nomugqa wokumunca ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, bese igeleza ingene ku-crankcase ye-compressor ekuqaleni okubangela ukwehla kwengcindezi kawoyela, okubangela ukuthi idivayisi yokuphepha kwengcindezi kawoyela isebenze.
Ngezinye izikhathi isenzo esisodwa noma ezimbili zedivayisi yokulawula ukuphepha kokucindezela uwoyela ngeke zibe nomthelela omkhulu ku-compressor, kodwa ukuphindaphinda kaningi ngaphandle kwezimo ezinhle zokugcoba kuzokwenza i-compressor yehluleke. Idivayisi yokulawula ukuphepha kokucindezela uwoyela ivame ukubhekwa njengephutha elincane ngumsebenzisi, kodwa kuyisixwayiso sokuthi i-compressor ibilokhu isebenza imizuzu engaphezu kwemibili ngaphandle kokugcoba, futhi izinyathelo zokulungisa zidinga ukuqaliswa ngesikhathi.
3. Izixazululo zenkinga yeziqandisi eziwuketshezi
I-compressor eklanywe kahle, esebenza kahle yokuqandisa, umoya opholile, kanye namaphampu okushisa empeleni iyiphampu yomphunga engaphatha kuphela inani elithile le-refrigerant ewuketshezi kanye namafutha okupholisa. Ukuze kuklanywe i-compressor engaphatha ama-refrigerant ewuketshezi kanye namafutha okupholisa, inhlanganisela yobukhulu, isisindo, amandla okupholisa, ukusebenza kahle, umsindo kanye nezindleko kumele icatshangelwe. Ngaphandle kwezici zokuklama, inani le-refrigerant ewuketshezi i-compressor engaphatha lizinzile, futhi amandla ayo okuphatha ancike kulezi zici ezilandelayo: ivolumu ye-crankcase, ishaja kawoyela obandayo, uhlobo lwesistimu kanye nezilawuli, kanye nezimo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile.
Uma ishaja yesiqandisi ikhuphuka, izokwandisa ingozi engaba khona ye-compressor. Izizathu zomonakalo ngokuvamile zingabangelwa amaphuzu alandelayo:
(1) Izindleko ezidlulele zesiqandisi.
(2) I-evaporator iqandisiwe.
(3) Isihlungi se-evaporator singcolile futhi sivinjiwe.
(4) Ifeni noma injini yefeni ephumayo iyahluleka.
(5) Ukukhetha okungalungile kwe-capillary.
(6) Ukukhethwa noma ukulungiswa kwevalvu yokunweba akulungile.
(7) Ukufuduka kwefriji.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-31-2022
